Albigensians

The name comes from the Albigeois region in the Tarn department of modern France. In fact, the term has a “French” origin.

Presumably, the term “Albigensians” first appeared in a Catholic environment during the anti-heretical campaign of Bernard from Clervaux to Languedoc in 1145. Some historians believe that the Catholic polemicists, having studied the reports on Bernard’s mission in the Mediterranean, as well as the materials of the dispute in Lombere in 1165, came to the conclusion that it was the Albizhuah (Tarn) region that was most “infected” with heresy. This can be confirmed by the fact that the first known Qatari bishop of Occitania, Sikard Sellier, was precisely the bishop of the Church of Albi. Perhaps the origin of the term is due to the fact that the Qatari Church of the Albi region was the oldest of all the Occitan Churches, and its preachers first openly debated with Catholic prelates at a debate in Lombere in Albijua in 1165.

Constance of France , rejected by the wife of Raimund V of Toulouse , was present at this debate, on the way to France, and at the court of her brother, King Louis VII , spoke of “heretics-Albigenses” (that is, heretics from Albizhuet) ^[1] .

In the early years of the 13th century, the term is alien to the Languedoc and represents a view of heretics from the point of view of the Cistercians , as well as the chroniclers of the crusade. The use of this term may be limited to the events of the 1209 Crusade . It became popular thanks to the novelist Claude Foriel , who published in 1837 the Occitan poem "Song of the Albiguian Crusade" (Canzo) of the 13th century.

The term “Albigensians”, used before the modern era, was eventually replaced by the term “Cathars” in the second half of the 20th century ^[2] .

When publishing the famous Occitan poem about the crusade to Christian lands, the publisher Claude Foriel gave it the title "Song of the Crusade against Albigeois heretics." Later historiography turned this phrase into "Song of the Crusade against the Albigenses", which led to the erroneous assumption, which for many years prevailed in popular culture, that the "Albigens" is some kind of separate religious movement. If you carefully study how this term is used by authors of medieval sources, you can see that the French Cistercian Pierre de Vaux de Cerney , in his book “Historia albigensis”, clarifies that heretics “from Toulouse and other cities” were sometimes called “Albigensians” , because "other nations, as a rule, are called Albigensians of the Provencal (that is, Occitan) heretics." Another medieval chronicler, Guillaume Pylouraransky , notes that "the French usually call the" Albigensian affairs "the events that took place in the provinces of Narbonne and the dioceses of Albi, Rodez, Cahors and Agen." But if we turn to the “Song of the Crusade against the Albigenses” itself, then the word “Albigens” is not used there at all - neither by the author who spoke on the side of the crusaders, Guillaume Tudelsky , nor by the anonymous author - a supporter of the Count of Toulouse. Both of them speak exclusively of heresies and heretics, "distributed throughout Albigeois, most of Carcasses and Lauraget , and their believers represent the majority of the population from Beziers to Bordeaux ."

• The novels and the crusade against them are dedicated to the novels of the French poet, writer and esoteric Maurice Magré “Blood of Toulouse” (Le Sang de Toulouse, 1931) and “Treasure of the Albigens” (Le Trésor des Albigeois, 1938). Unlike other authors, Magr not only reproduces the historical panorama of the events of the first quarter of the 13th century in the south of France, but also analyzes the Gnostic and Manichaean roots of the syncretic religious and philosophical teachings of the Cathars, who, in his opinion, absorbed elements of the Celtic tradition under the influence of the Druids allegedly hiding once in the Pyrenees from church persecution. Also, according to the Magra, the Cathars borrowed a lot, especially in the doctrinal and theogonic aspects, from Hinduism and Buddhism , the seeds of which could be brought to the Languedoc by wandering Tibetan monks .
• Around the siege of Montsegur, the crusaders set off the plot of the detective novel of the Russian and Soviet writer Yeremey Parnov, “The Casket of Mary Medici” (1972), which is based on many years of searching for the mythical “treasure of the Albigensians”. In 1980, the novel was filmed by director Rudolf Fruntov at the Mosfilm film studio.
• Plots related to the teaching of the Albigensians and their persecution by the Catholic Church are the basis of the historical and science fiction novels by the Russian writer E.V. Khaetskaya, "The Life and Death of Arnaut Catalan" (1997), "Bertrand from the Languedoc" (2001), "Dame Toulouse" (2003) et al.
• The legends and legends associated with the Qatar and the Albiguian wars are the subject of detective novels by British writer Kate Moss "Labyrinth" (2005), "Tomb" (2007) and The Citadel (2012), which compiled the so-called. "Languedoc trilogy."
• The teachings of the Albigensians and the Albigensian Wars are one of the main themes of the work of the Russian singer, musician, author and singer, Maya Kotovskaya, leader of the Bragan D'Ert musical project, acting under the pseudonym Chancellor Guy .

• Qatar
• Patarens
• Waldenses
• Pavlikians
• Bohumili
• Manichaeans
• Tolstoyans
• Land of the Cathars
• Albiguian Crusade
• Montsegur
• "The Casket of Maria Medici " (film)

• Guillem of Tudela. Song of the Albiguian Crusade / Transl. with provence. S. D. Likhacheva, V.V. Vinogradova. - M.: Quadriga, 2010 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 5-91791-036-9 .
• Song of the Crusade against the Albigens / Per. with provence. I.O. Belavina, E.V. Morozova. - M .: Ladomir; Science, 2011 .-- 440 p. - ( Literary monuments ). - ISBN 978-5-86218-489-1 .

In Russian

• Baigent M., Lei R., Lincoln G. A Sacred Mystery. Jesus Christ. Qatar. Holy Grail. Templars. Zion community. Freemasons / Per. with french O. Fadina. - St. Petersburg: Kronverk-Print, Norma-Press, Rivaks, 1993 .-- 368 pp., Ill.
• Blessed John Qatar: Church of Love. Grail against Rome. - M.: World of Sofia, 2006 .-- 472 p.
• Blum Jean. Rennes-le-Chateau. Visigoths, Cathars, Templars: The Secret of Heretics / Transl. with french A. Yu. Karachinsky, I.A. Egipti. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2007 .-- 256 p. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-8071-0235-5 .
• Hekertorn Ch. W. Secret societies of all centuries and all countries: Collection of historical materials. - M .: Terra, 1995 .-- 480 p. - (Secrets of the story in novels, novels and documents). - ISBN 5-300-00182-1 .
• Ivanov A.M. Qatar. Templars. Masons. - M.: Profit Style, 2009 .-- 192 p. - ISBN 5-98857-149-2 .
• Caratini Roger. Qatar. The battle path of the Albigensian heresy / Per. with french A. Vasilkova. - M .: Eksmo, 2010 .-- 400 p. - (Secrets of ancient civilizations). - ISBN 978-5-699-40585-5 .
• Karsavin L.P. Essays on Religious Life in Italy of the 12th — 13th Centuries - SPb .: Type. M.A. Aleksandrova, 1912 .-- XX, 843 pp., Ill.
• Madol Jacques. Albiguian drama and the fate of France / Per. with french G.F. Tsibulko. Ed. N. I. Milyutenko. - SPb .: Eurasia, 2000 .-- 320 p .: ill. - (Clio). - ISBN 5-8071-0037-9 .
• Mayorova E.I. Guardians of the Grail. Cathars and Albigensians. - M .: Veche, 2013 .-- 288 p.: Ill. - (History files). - ISBN 978-5-444-41234-3 .
• Marcale Jean. Monsegur and the riddle of the Cathars / Transl. with french M. Yu. Nekrasov, I.A. Egipti. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008 .-- 368 p.: Ill. - ISBN 978-5-8071-0219-5 .
• Marcale Jean. Rennes-le-Chateau and the mystery of damned gold / Per. with french I.A. Egipti. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008 .-- 368 p.: Ill. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-8071-0225-6 .
• Nelly Renee. Qatar. Holy heretics. - M .: Veche, 2005 .-- 400 p .: ill. - (Terra Incognita: Secret Societies, Orders, and Sects). - ISBN 978-5-9533-0976-7 .
• Nikolaev Yu. N. In Search of the Divine. Essays on the history of Gnosticism. - Kiev, 1995 .-- 400 p. - ISBN 5-7101-0054-4 .
• Oldenburg Z.S. Bonfire of Montsegur. History of the Albiguian Crusades. - St. Petersburg: Aletheya, 2001 .-- 416 p.: Ill. - ISBN 5-89329-369-X .
• Osokin N. A. History of the Albigensians and their time. - M .: AST LLC, 2003. - 896 p.: Ill. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 5-17-018393-3 .
• Ran Otto . Crusade against the Grail / Per. with him. I. Ivanova, S. Lyapkova, E. Murzina, A. Ovchenko. - M .: AST LLC, 2002. - 302 p.: Ill. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 5-17-011582-2 .
• Sed Gerard de. Secret of the Cathars / Per. with french E.V. Morozova. - M .: Kron-Press, 1998 .-- 272 p.: Ill. - (Mysterious world). - ISBN 5-232-00737-8 .
• Smoley Richard. Gnostics, Cathars, Freemasons, or Forbidden Faith / Transl. from English N. M. Zabilotsky. - M .: AST LLC, 2008. - 320 p. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-17-054672-5 .
• Brenon A. Crusade against the Albigensians: The Historical Consequences of the Holy War // Delphis. - 2012. - No. 71 (3).

In foreign languages

• * Peira, "Histoire des A lbigeois" (3 vol., Par., 1870-72).
• * Schmidt. Geschichte der Albigenster.

• Albigensians // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Alexander Valentinovich Amphitheaters. "Albiguez"