Kap (kapokoren) - a growth on a tree with deformed directions of growth of wood fibers. Usually found in the form of a round outgrowth on a trunk or branch, filled with small woody knots of sleeping buds. Mouthguards grow due to cambium . A defect in the shape of a tree trunk ; a type of defect is called a growth . Other types of growths should be distinguished from the mouth: smooth and more or less spherical suvel , and an irregular growth caused by tree cancer .
Growths occur on trees as a result of any sharp change in the development of the plant, which may have a natural or anthropogenic cause. Some burls grow underground, like tumors on the roots, and therefore cannot be detected before the tree dies. Such outgrowths sometimes occur in the form of a group of round cone-shaped bulges connected by rope-shaped roots. Almost always burls are covered with bark, even underground. The reason is the protection of the tree from insects and fungal diseases.
On some types of trees, burls can reach considerable sizes, for example, on trees of the genus Sequoia . The largest known mouthpiece was found in 1984 in the small town of Tamworth in Australia on eucalyptus . It reached 6.4 feet (about 2 m) in height and had a strange shape resembling a trombone .
Content
Economic Significance and Application
From the burls they get very unusual wood with a complex texture of fibers, one of the most valued for its beauty, rarity makes it even more expensive. The variety of texture of the mouthpiece is due to the growing conditions of trees, plain or mountainous terrain. This makes the pattern of burls unique and diverse, which is why the burl wood is in demand by artists, sculptors and cabinetmakers. There is a wide variety of well-known types of burls (each depending on its type of wood ), they are used for the manufacture of veneers , board games, interior items, jewelry, picture frames, household items, knife handles, in the interior design of cars and for small crafts. The famous eye maple outwardly resembles burl wood, but is not it. Burl wood is very difficult to machine on a lathe or a hand tool due to the heterogeneity and unevenness of the direction of fiber growth. In this case, the twisted fibers during the period of growth of burls compact each other, making the wood of some burls very strong.
The cap is widely used in decorative and applied art - Root plastic (also Kapokoreshkovy craft ).
The head of the first scientific expedition to Siberia, D. G. Messerschmidt , driving in 1726 Karino and Hlynov , left the following description of the cap fishing:
I asked local people about the kapa - the birch nodes and found out that Udmurts often cut them out in the forests of their region ... Find these birch nodes with wavy patterns of various sizes, mostly semicircular, the smallest 2-3 inches , the largest - 14-15, less often in diameter, or directly on the trunk itself near the branch of large branches, these are worse, or at the branching of the roots under the turf, which are certainly the best. The material is not spongy like a polypore, but solid and wood-like, if not wood at all. This wood substance in the most elegant variations and is pleasant for the eyes is painted with the most delicate light wavy veins ... These growths are brought to the city of Khlynov and processed by Russian turners with such a skillful hand that 3, 4 or more cups and cups are cut from one outgrowth of 10-12 inches in diameter , each next smaller and each with a spoon. [one]
In the XIX century, Vyatka formed a folk art craft - the Vyatka burl box, where the material is used in the manufacture of caskets with secret compartments, desk sets, smoking accessories and other things [2] .
Maple maple wood , not to be confused with “eye” maple Walnut burl wood Poplar Capa Wood Longitudinal cut of a larch outgrowth from Ayrshire , Scotland
Cap on the trunk of a sequoia Growth on the bark of an old apple tree Growth on an old cherry , Ayrshire Oak Growth in New Lanark Growths and normal bark on the old wind , Ayrshire Rowan growths , Ayrshire Elm growth. Dalry, Ayrshire Ash growth in Stuarton, Ayrshire The growth on the oak.
Wellfleet, USATree with many growths in Olympic National Park
A large outgrowth on an elm in Eglinton County Park , Scotland
Large outgrowth on pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) near Glengarnock Castle in North Ayrshire
See also
- Tree trunk defects
Notes
- ↑ Napolsky V.V. Udmurt materials D.G. Messerschmidt. Diary entries, December 1726 Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 2001. S. 101-102.
- ↑ Perminova N.I. Kapova casket. Gorky: Volga-Vyat. Prince Publishing House, 1984. 128 p.
Literature
- Ch. 7: Cancer and growths // Wood defects: [text, isomaterial] / Vakin A. T., Poluboyarinov O. I., Solovyov V. A. .. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Forest industry , 1980.
- Korovin V.V. , Novitskaya L. L. , Kurnosov G. A. Structural anomalies of the stem of woody plants: Textbook / Otv. ed. L. G. Kulagina; Mosk. state University of Forest ; cafe breeding, genetics and dendrology MSUL. - M .: MGUL, 2001 .-- 260 p. - 200 copies. [ page not specified 1169 days ]
- Korovin V.V., Scherbinina A.A. // West. Mosk. state University of the forest. - Forest. West - 2000. - No. 6. - S. 148-151.
- Corbett, S. The Illustrated Professional Woodworker. - London: Anness Publishing, 2006.
Links
- Folk art crafts of the Kirov region (official site)
- Cap . Cap and suvel: Growths on a tree. Date of treatment November 11, 2013.
- Products of Vyatka masters from burls on the site kipov.ru