Heinkel He 177 Greif ( German Heinkel He 177 Greif ; German Griffin ) is a German heavy bomber. Created in Heinkel Design Bureau under the leadership of G. Gertel and Z. Gunther.
| He 177 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | heavy bomber |
| Developer | Heinkel |
| Manufacturer | Heinkel - plants in Rostock and Oranienburg Arado - Warnemünde Plant |
| Chief Designer | G. Gertel Z. Gunther |
| First flight | November 19, 1939 |
| Start of operation | December 1942 |
| End of operation | April 1945 |
| Status | decommissioned |
| Operators |  Luftwaffe |
| Years of production | March 1942-1944 |
| Units produced | 1094 |
| Options | Heinkel he 274 Heinkel he 277 |
The first flight took place on November 19, 1939 . Adopted by the Luftwaffe in December 1942, where it had the nickname " flying fireworks ." [one]
Content
Development
The aircraft was supposed to deliver 1,000 kg of bombs to a distance of 6,600 km. It was assumed that the speed of the aircraft will be 545 km / h. It was possible to drop bombs from a dive .
In November 1937, the project was assigned the designation He 177 “Greif” (“vulture” or “griffin”, the name comes from the griffin on the coat of arms of the city of Rostock , where the Heinkel company was located).
Problems with the twin power units DB606 / 610 led to the emergence of new, four-engine models based on the He 177 - He 274 and He 277 , none of which went into mass production.
Serial production of He-177A machines began in March 1942. Part of the order was transferred to Arado , where 35 He-177A-0 cars and 130 He-177A-1 cars were built. At Heinkel itself, 826 He-177A-5 machines were built.
Design
Twin-engine all - metal monoplane . One of the main features of the aircraft was the use of twin power units DB606 / 610, which are DB601 / 605 engines located side by side, respectively, working on a common shaft. The idea, therefore, was to create a power plant 2700-2950l. with. and get by with just two nacelles on such a big plane. However, these same power plants have become an inexhaustible source of various troubles, breakdowns and accidents accompanied by fires. Exhaust manifolds in tightly mounted units were next to each other and not far from the fuel lines. Only by 1944 was it possible to achieve a relatively stable trouble-free operation of the engines.
Another feature of the aircraft was the landing gear. In order not to increase the size of the nacelles, the designers made the main racks of two parts, which were retracted into the wing, in different directions.
The aircraft carried a variety of defensive weapons in remotely controlled installations (for the first time on German aircraft), a tail mount and a ventral gondola (like other German designs).
Combat use
The introduction of He 177 was accompanied by frequent crashes.
In 1942, He 177 were stationed in Zaporozhye , from where they supplied the troops of the 6th Army surrounded by Stalingrad . On January 23, 1943, the He 177 made its first bomber flight, dropping 13 tons of bombs.
At the beginning of 1944, He 177 participated in raids on England , as part of the Steinbock operation. In the Italian theater of artillery strikes against ships off the coast of Italy .
In 1944, He 177 was based in East Prussia , raided objects in the deep rear of the Soviet troops . The largest was the raid on the railway junction in the city of Velikiye Luki on June 16, 1944. During surgery, the Bagration group using He 177 was disbanded. [2]
Performance Specifications
The following characteristics correspond to the He.177 A-5 modification:
Data source: Kozyrev M.E., Kozyrev V.M. "Secret Luftwaffe Projects from the Second World War" - M .: Eksmo, Yauza, 2004 - 464 p., Ill.
- Specifications
- Crew : 6 people
- Length : 22.0 m
- Wing span : 31.44 m
- Height : 6.4 m
- Wing area: 100 m²
- Empty weight: 16 800 kg
- Normal take-off weight: 27,225 kg
- Maximum take-off weight : 31,000 kg
- Fuel tank capacity: 13,020 l
- Powerplant : 2 × Liquid Daimler-Benz DB 610 A / B (Paired DB 605)
- Engine power: 2 × 2950 hp (2 × 2170 kW)
- Propeller : Four-blade VDM
- Screw Diameter: 4.5m
- Flight characteristics
- Maximum speed: 565 km / h at an altitude of 6000 m
- Cruising speed : 415 km / h at an altitude of 6000 m
- Stall Speed: 135 km / h
- Combat radius: 1540 km
- Ferry range: 5470 km
- Practical ceiling : 7080 m
- Rate of climb : 3.2 m / s
- Wing load: 310 kg / m²
- Thrust- weight ratio : 123 W / kg (6 kg / hp.)
- Armament
- Rifle Cannon:
- 2 × 20 mm MG 151 guns
- 2 × 13 mm machine gun MG 131
- 1 × 7.92 mm MG 81J machine gun
- Combat load: up to 6,000 kg (bombs) of ammunition inside / 7,200 kg outside
- Bombs :
- 16 × SC-50
- 4 × SC-250
- or
- 2 × SC-500
In computer games
Present:
In the game War Thunder in the modification of He 177 A-5.
In the flight simulator Il-2 Sturmovik with patch 4.14 in the modification He-177A-3.
Notes
- ↑ C. Becker. Luftwaffe war diaries. - Moscow: Centerpolygraph, 2005 .-- 540 p. - 15,000 copies.
- ↑ Andrei Kharuk. All Luftwaffe aircraft. - Moscow: Yauza. EKSMO, 2013 .-- pp. 109–111. - 336 p.
Links
- He 177 Encyclopedia "Corner of the sky"
- War in the air 57. He 177 "Greif". Luftwaffe Flying Fortress
- Heinkel He.177 Luftwaffe Wings; © Translation by Andrei Firsov, 1993. Translation of the book by W. Green “Combat aircraft of the Third Reich”
- Original Heinkel He177 Best Footage on YouTube
Literature
- Kozyrev M. E, Kozyrev V. M. Secret projects of the Luftwaffe since the Second World War. - M .: Eksmo, Yauza, 2004—464 p., Ill. - p. 164 - 165.