The Battle of the Chaillot River ( on the Sayo River, the Salt; in the Mohi Valley ) - the battle of April 11, 1241 between the troops of the Hungarian King Bela IV and his brother, the Croatian Duke Koloman , on the one hand, and the Mongolian troops led by Batu , Siban , Kadan and Subedaem , operating in the framework of the Western campaign of the Mongols of 1236 - 1242 and, in particular, the campaign in South-Western Russia and Central Europe in 1240 - 1242 . The Hungarian-Croatian army suffered a crushing defeat.
| Battle of the Chaillot River | |||
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| Main Conflict: Western Mongol Campaign | |||
 Battle of the Chaillot River. XIII century miniature | |||
| date | April 11, 1241 | ||
| A place | Chaillot River (Slana) , Hungary | ||
| Total | The defeat of the Hungarians | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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Content
Background
In 1240 , during the Mongol invasion of Russia , the Hungarian king Bela IV rejected the matchmaking of first son of Mikhail Vsevolodovich Chernigovsky Rostislav to his daughter Anna, and then the son of Daniil Romanovich Galitsky Leo to his daughter Constance, during their personal visits to Hungary. Each of these visits was chronologically associated with the Mongol threat to Kiev .
The main forces of the Mongols, having taken Galich , invaded Hungary on March 12, 1241 through the Carpathian passages Munkach (Mukachevo) and Ungvar (Uzhgorod), and already on March 16 the advance detachment of the Mongols (Shiban, 10 thousand horsemen) appeared near Pest . The Kadan corps followed a more southern route, through Moldova and Transylvania , ravaging the Hungarian cities of Varadin, Arad , Perg, Yegres, Temeshvar , but by the time of the battle joined the main group.
The balance of power
The Mongol army that invaded Central Europe from the Galician-Volyn lands did not exceed 100 thousand people, while it is believed that 3 tumens moved to Poland, led by Baidar, and the main forces were divided into three groups and were moved against Hungary. [5] .
According to the report of Guillaume de Rubruk , the army of the King of Hungary in 1253 totaled up to 30 thousand soldiers [6] . But this assessment was made after the Mongol invasion. Before the battle, the army of the Duke of Croatia, Koloman, joined the Hungarian forces and the total strength of the Hungarian-Croatian army could number 60 thousand soldiers. [1] .
Juvaini, who estimates the strength of the Hungarians ( Bashgird [7] ) as 450 thousand warriors, mentions the message of Shiban that they are twice as many as the Mongol army . Rashid ad-Din in a similar story [8] writes about 400 thousand soldiers, however, referring this to the events in the Volga Bulgaria in 1236 .
Battle Progress
The Hungarian-Croatian army pursued the Mongol advance detachment for 6 days, on the seventh day in the evening it stopped in the Mohi Valley in front of the Chaillot River.
At night, the main forces of the Mongolian army, headed by Subedai, crossed the river on the left flank, bypassing the Hungarian camp from the south, another part of the Mongols (Batu, Shiban) captured the bridge across the river, pushing the Hungarian guard detachment. In the morning, the Mongols began shelling a Hungarian camp located in the valley from the surrounding hills of bows and stone-throwing machines, then burst into the camp. The Mongols did not close the encirclement. The Hungarian army took flight, the Mongols gradually destroyed it during the persecution for 6 days and burst into the Pest on the shoulders of the fleeing.
Consequences
The death of the troops made the Hungarian lands defenseless in the face of the conquerors. The Kadan corps from Pest went to the Adriatic Sea, ravaging Croatia and Dalmatia .
Bela IV fled under the protection of the Austrian Duke Frederick II , giving him treasury and three Hungarian committees for help against the Mongols. Batu’s corps, having connected with Baidar’s corps that came from Poland after the victory at Legnica , did not dare to face the combined forces of the Czech Republic , Austria and Carinthia (according to another version, the reason for the Mongols turning east was the news of the death of the great khan Ugadei in December 1241 ). On the way back, the Mongolian troops plundered and burned out the settlements of Serbia and Bulgaria.
See also
- Defense of Kiev (1240)
- Battle of Legnica (1241)
- Battle of Olomouc
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Khrapachevsky R.P. Batyevo battle
- ↑ Carey, Brian Todd, p. 128. Including the main group under the command of Batu 20-25 thousand people., a detachment for the flanking maneuver under the command of Subedei 10-15 thousand people.
- ↑ Liptai, Ervin (1985), Military History of Hungary, Budapest: Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó.
- ↑ Morgan, David (1990) The Mongols . Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17563-6 .
- ↑ R.P. Khrapachevsky. Chingihan Military Power - M: ACT Publishing House LLC, 2004
- ↑ Guillaume de Rubruck. Travel to Eastern Countries
- ↑ Juvaini. History of the conqueror of the world . Date of treatment May 31, 2011. Archived March 16, 2012.
- ↑ Rashid Ad-Din. Chronicle Collection
Literature
- Master Rogerius. A woeful song about the ruin of the Hungarian kingdom by the Tatars / Per. with lat. lang and comm. A. S. Dosaev. - St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, 2012 .-- 304 p. - ISBN 978-586007-695-2 .
- Thomas Splitsky . History of Archbishops Salons and Split / Transl., Entry. Art. and comm. O. A. Akimova. - M .: Indrik, 1997 .-- 320 p. - ( Monuments of the medieval history of the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe ). - ISBN 5-85759-063-9 .
- Khrapachevsky R.P. Military power of Genghis Khan . - M: LLC "ACT", 2004. - 560 p. - (Military Historical Library). - ISBN 5-17-009533-3 .
- Razin E.A. History of military art of the VI — XVI centuries. - Volume 2. VI — XVI centuries. - SPb .: Omega-Polygon, 1999 .-- 656 p. - (Military Historical Library). - ISBN 5–89173–040–5.