Mitishkovo

Der. Mitishkovo is actually closely bordered by the village. Marhotkino ^[1] , about which, unlike the first, there are quite frequent references in the literature. This situation is explained by obvious circumstances: Markhodkino - the village of “Barskaya” (before the revolution there was a manor), Mitishkovo was a peasant. It is noteworthy that after the revolution the status of the settlements differed: a collective farm was organized in Markhotkino, a state farm in Mitishkovo. However, given such close proximity, it should be recognized that the history of these settlements is inextricably linked.

Mitishkovo and Marhotkino are located on the banks of the Ugra River ^[2] .

In antiquity, a trade route passed through the Ugra, which connected the basins of the Volga and the Dnieper (one of the “Varangians to the Greeks”) ^[3] . In the past, the river was used to float wood.

Markhotkino is mentioned in written sources since 1621. Owners: Islenevy, Dubinsky, Kaminsky, Tsykler, Sheremetyevy, Shepelevy, Khlyustiny, Bazilevsky ^[4]

The estate of a nobleman A.Shepelev with the center in with. Islenevo (currently, the village of Slednevo ^[5] ), as it is supposed, at the beginning of the XIX century. It was sold to Anton Semenovich Khlustin (1732-1809). The new landowner was a second major, a merchant and a famous benefactor. At the end of his life, he was granted a diploma "for hereditary noble dignity." ^[6]

In 1818, under his son, Mikhail Antonovich Khlyustin, Marhotkino acquired the status of a village with a device of a stone odnoprestolny temple of arch. Michael ^[4] .

According to the memoirs of old-timers, in fact, the temple was located on the territory of the village of Mitishkovo, but belonged to both settlements.

The image of the temple in an old photograph is available by reference ^[7] . The building resembles the work of Matthew Fedorovich Kazakov (1733 (1738?) - 1812), who participated in the design of one of the Dorogobuzh estates (the Baryshnikov estate in the Aleksino village) ^[8] . However, it is believed that the temple arch. Michael built after the death of the architect. In addition, “Kazakov’s authorship in relation to many Palladian structures, especially ... outside of Moscow, ... is highly debatable” ^[8] .

As of 1897, the parishioners of the church were residents of 11 villages, of which: 1,230 are males and 1,208 are females; divine services were held by a priest, deacon, and psalm reader ^[9] .

The Pokrov of the Most Holy Theotokos (October 14) was the altar feast in Mitishkovo.

In the second half of the XIX century. the estate was owned by the Basilevskys: Ivan Federovich (1791–1876) - a gold miner and tax collector, a real State Councilor, a large landowner and philanthropist ^{[10] [11]} , and then his son Fedor Ivanovich (1834 =?) ^[12] .

At the end of the XIX century. a two-year ministerial school was opened in Markhotkin ^{[13] [14]} , as well as a parochial school (1894) ^[4] . In the Directory “Russia is a complete geographical description of our fatherland. A desk and road book for Russian people "(St. Petersburg, 1905) notes:" 5 miles north (the village of Sos - approx. ) It near the village of Markhotkino on the Ugra river has a large water mill Erina; in Markhotkin there is a ministerial school with special teaching of beekeeping ” ^[15] .

At the beginning of the XX century. Markhotsk estate was owned by the Smolensk merchant N.V. Cherno-Shvartsa, “a large entrepreneur who organized here a thriving economy, in which six-field farming was conducted, a cheese factory and a starch factory worked” ^[4]

Currently, the buildings of the manor and the temple are lost. The temple was closed in the 1930s, but was blown up and demolished in bricks after the war, in the 1950s. After the explosion, a warehouse of a cheese factory was set up in its basements.

Water communications, built by Black-Schwarz, gradually fell into disrepair. The ponds are located parallel to the r. Eel ^[4] .

During World War II

During the Great Patriotic War, the village was occupied by Nazi troops in October 1941 ^[16] . ^[17]

On August 31, 1943, Moscow saluted the gallant troops who had won the victory at Yelnya with twelve artillery volleys from one hundred twenty-four guns. As reported by the Soviet Information Bureau: "Recently, the troops of the Western Front launched an offensive in the Smolensk sector and, breaking through the strongly fortified enemy defenses stretching more than 50 kilometers along the front, advanced from 15 to 30 kilometers. Yesterday, August 30, our troops captured an important stronghold of defense Smolensk direction - the city of Yelnya. Our troops for 4 days of fighting occupied more than 170 settlements, including railway stations of Terenino, Korobets, Zheglovka, Kaloshino, Dorogobuzh (Northern), fortified points of White Hill , Mitishkino , Yushkovo, Byvalki, Swimmer, Zhabier, Kamenets, Koshelevo, Varaksina, Poruban, Uvarova and the regional center of Safonovo.

Note: the name of the settlement is indicated with an error (not “Mitishkovo”, but “Mitishkino”), as on the German maps of that time. This error, unfortunately, is repeated several times in post-war sources.

Woman suit

At the beginning of the XX century. women's costume der. Mitishkovo consisted of the following elements:

1) Sayan (skirt), woolen, striped with black plush border below (strips of bright colors, wide; plush border was double: initially narrow, then at some distance wide);

2) a shirt, with full sleeves, a white one, embroidered on the chest and shoulders (tucked into a skirt);

3) sleeveless, pleated, on the figure, gathered below the waist (sleeveless were blue, green or red; fabrics of different colors cost differently, so the color could determine wealth);

4) cap (small hat), decorated with a wide ribbon with beads;

5) a scarf, silk (scarves of different colors were worn over the bonnet, tied so that only the ribbon with beads was visible).

According to the description, the costume resembles a complex with an Andarak , which was very limited on the territory of the settlement of “single houses” - descendants of “service people”, who moved to Russia from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ^[18] .