Maximilian Karlovich Maksakov (real name and surname is Max Schwartz ( German: Max Schwartz ); 1869 , Chernivtsi , Bukovina , Austria-Hungary - March 26, 1936 , Moscow ) - Austrian and Russian opera singer ( baritone ), director, entrepreneur and teacher. [one]
| Maximilian Karlovich Maksakov | |
|---|---|
| basic information | |
| Birth name | Max Schwartz |
| Date of Birth | 1869 |
| Place of Birth | Chernivtsi , Bukovina , Austria-Hungary |
| Date of death | March 26, 1936 |
| A place of death | Moscow , USSR |
| Buried | |
| A country |  Austria-Hungary  Russian empire  the USSR |
| Professions | opera singer , theater teacher |
| Singing voice | baritone |
Possessed a powerful and expressive voice of a beautiful soft tone of a wide range. His performance was distinguished by artistry, thoughtful phrasing, the use of makeup. Over 50 years of stage performance, he performed 120 parts.
Biography
Born in 1869 in a Jewish family [2] . From the age of ten he took part in the performances of the Budapest operetta touring in Chernivtsi, in which he played the roles of girls, later - female roles (until the age of 16, the singer had the voice of a coloro soprano ). From the age of 16 he lived in St. Petersburg , where he took singing lessons from Camillo Everardi and performed as part of a vocal trio with whom he toured in Moscow. First appeared on the scene in 1886 in St. Petersburg . [3] According to other sources, he made his debut in 1889 in the Demon party (" Demon " by A. Rubinstein ) in Rostov-on-Don . Then he took singing lessons in Milan from .
Returning to Russia, he worked as a soloist in the Tiflis Opera (1889-1897 and 1900) and improved his singing skills under the guidance of E. Ryadnov . In 1889-1897, he simultaneously performed at the Baku Opera, where at that time the Italian singer sang . Before the October Revolution, he toured in Kazan, Perm, Saratov, Vilno, Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Moscow (on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater and the Aquarium Theater), Petersburg (in the Great Hall of the Conservatory, the Private Opera, entreprise U. Gvidi), Yalta, in the cities of Siberia and the Far East , as well as in Vienna . He later performed in Astrakhan (1920-1923, here he was the head of the theater) and Tbilisi (1929). He was the first performer of the parties Megas ( Mountain Falcon ), Potemkin ( Potemkin Holiday ), Aleko ( Aleko in Tiflis), Wolfram ( Tannhäuser in Kazan). Recorded on records in St. Petersburg (Gramophone, 1901) and Moscow (Gramophone, 1909; Stella, 1911).
M.K. Maksakov was also a large entrepreneur in a number of opera companies in St. Petersburg, Tiflis, Kharkov, Voronezh, Odessa. In 1910, he organized the "Association of Opera Artists", which included as a singer and director. I traveled with the Partnership on tour in the cities of the Russian Empire. The last performance of the singer took place in the summer of 1933 at the Rest House of the Bolshoi Theater in Polenov. [four]
In 1925-1927 he taught in Leningrad, then in Moscow (until 1930 - at GITIS ).
Teacher and first husband of the People's Artist of the USSR , soloist of the Bolshoi Theater ( mezzo-soprano ) Maria Maksakova , to whom Maksakov was married with a second marriage. His first wife, Ksenia Iordanskaya , also an opera singer , died of cholera during the Civil War in Astrakhan. [4] Maximilian and Maria Maksakov lived for a long time in Moscow communal apartments, and only in 1935 the couple received a separate apartment in house No. 7 in Bryusov Lane . [four]
He died on March 26, 1936 in Moscow, was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery .
Some recordings of the singer are in the archives of the State Central Museum of Musical Culture named after M.I. Glinka .
- Maksakov, Maximilian Karlovich // Magnitogorsk - Medusa. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1954. - P. 117. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 26).
- Pruzhansky A.M. Domestic Singers. 1750-1917: Dictionary: in 2 hours Part 1. Moscow: Soviet Composer, 1991.
- Music. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. Editor G.V. Keldysh. M .: NI "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 1998. 672 p.: Silt
Notes
- ↑ Maksakov Maximilian Karlovich
- ↑ Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
- ↑ Maksakov Maximilian Karlovich Russian Portrait Gallery
- ↑ 1 2 3 Maximilian Karlovich Maksakov