Endangered World Heritage List

World Heritage Sites in Danger

A List of World Heritage Sites in danger ( Liste du patrimoine mondial en péril ) is a list of cultural and natural heritage values that are on the World Heritage List , which are at risk from serious and specific dangers, such as “The threat of extinction due to progressive destruction, large-scale public or private projects, the rapid development of cities and tourism, destruction due to a change in the purpose or ownership of land, serious damage due to failure to the established cause, abandonment for some reason, natural disasters and cataclysms, the danger of armed conflict, big fires, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, changes in water levels, floods, tides ” ^[1] .

Listing means the need for significant work to preserve World Heritage Sites, with financial assistance under the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

The list is compiled, updated and published by the World Heritage Committee during the annual sessions of the committee. In case of emergency, the Committee may at any time include in the list a new facility, having gathered for an extraordinary session ^[1] .

When the threat disappears, the object is excluded from the list.

Content

List

As of the end of 2017, 54 objects (17 natural and 37 cultural) were included in the list.

Austria

No.	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Vienna historic center	Vienna	XVI — XX centuries	2001	1033	ii, iv, vi
one		In 2017, it was added to the alarm list: high-rise buildings spoil the view.

Afghanistan

No.	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Bamyan Buddha statues	Bamiyan Province	2nd century	2003	208	i, ii, iii, iv, vi
one	Two famous Buddha statues in 2001 were destroyed by the Taliban . In 2003, UNESCO included all the surrounding monuments (preserved and destroyed) in the list of world heritage and at the same time in the list of endangered. In 2007, another attack attributed to the Taliban was committed, damaging a smaller statue 7 meters high.
2	Jamaican minaret	Mountain Province	12th century	2002	211	ii, iii, iv
2	In 2002, it was inscribed on the World Heritage List and on the list of those at risk: unstable political situation, black archaeologists , floods and earthquakes.

UK

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Liverpool	Historic Province: England Region: North West England	XVIII — XIX centuries	2004	1150	ii, iii, iv
one		It was included in 2012 in connection with the construction project of Liverpool Waters, the implementation of which will entail a global reconstruction of historic docks located north of the city center.

Venezuela

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		City of Koro	Falcon State	1527 year	1993	658	iv, v
one		It is inscribed on the World Heritage List and the list of endangered at the same time: adobe buildings may not withstand the increase in rainfall.

Guinea

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Mount Nimbus Nature Reserve	Cote d'Ivoire and Guinea	XX century	1981	155	ix, x

Honduras

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve	Northeast of the country		1982	196	vii, viii, ix, x
one		The reserve was already on the alarm list in 1996-2007. In 2011, Honduras again signed under its inability to cope with the deplorable situation: economic activity, including illegal (drug smuggling, cutting of mahogany) turned out to be stronger than all the attempts of the government.

Egypt

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Abu mena	The surroundings of Alexandria	III — IV centuries	1979	90	iv
one		In the list of endangered since 2001: land reclamation has led to an increase in groundwater levels , which is fraught with complete destruction of the complex.

Jerusalem

UNESCO considers the Old City of Jerusalem , which is part of East Jerusalem , to be a disputed territory between Israel and the State of Palestine , and places it on the World Heritage List separately from other countries with the mark "the object was proposed by Jordan ."

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Jerusalem Old City and its walls	Jerusalem city		1981	148	ii, iii, vi

Indonesia

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		The virgin rainforests of Sumatra	Sumatra	-	2004	1167	vii, ix, x
one		The list of endangered since 2011: poaching , illegal logging, agricultural activities, road construction plans.

Iraq

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Ashur city	The surroundings of Baghdad	3 millennium BC e.	2003	1130	iii, iv
one	On the list of endangered since 2003: the war in Iraq , a nearby reservoir designed (canceled). According to some sources, the Ashur stronghold was blown up in May 2015 by ISIS militants ^[2] .
2	Samarra city	Samarra city	5 millennium BC e.	2007	276	ii, iii, iv
2	On the list of endangered since 2007: poorly maintained buildings, war in Iraq
3	Hutra مدينة الحضر	Province: Ninewa	III century BC e.	1985	Number 277	ii, iii, iv, vi
3	In the list of endangered since 2015. Khatra ruins were destroyed by ISIS in March 2015.

Yemen

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Zabid city	Zabid city		1993	611	ii, iv, vi
one	In the list of endangered since 2000: old buildings are destroyed, giving way to concrete .
2	The old fortified city of Shibam	Shibam city	III century	1982	192	III, IV, VI
2	On the list of endangered since 2015: threat in connection with the armed conflict in Yemen
3	Historic Center of Sana'a	city of Sana'a	-	1986	385	IV, V, VI
3	On the list of endangered since 2015: threat in connection with the armed conflict in Yemen

Kenya

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		National Parks on Lake Turkana	Eastern province	-	1997	801	viii x
one		It was included in 2018 due to the construction of the Gilgel Gibe III hydroelectric power station in Ethiopia, which negatively affects the ecosystem of the lake.

Colombia

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Los Katios National Park	Darien space		1996	711	ix, x
one		On the list of endangered since 2009: uncontrolled deforestation and poaching

Democratic Republic of the Congo

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Garamba National Park	Northeast Congo	XX century	1980	136	vii, x
2	Kahuzi-Biega National Park	Surroundings of Bukavu	XX century	1980	137	x
3	Okapi Wildlife Reserve	Northeast Congo in the Aruvimi Basin, near the borders with Sudan and Uganda	XX century	1996	718	x
four	Salonga National Park	Central part of the Congo Basin	XX century	1984	280	vii, x
five	Virunga National Park	Near the border with Uganda	XX century	1979	63	vii, viii, x

Cote d'Ivoire

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Comoe National Park	Zanzan Region	XX century	1983	227	ix, x
2		Mount Nimbus Nature Reserve	Cote d'Ivoire and Guinea	XX century	1981	155	ix, x

Libya

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Cyrene Cyrene	Municipality: Al Jabal Al Akhdar	630s BC e.	1982	Number 190	ii, iii, vi
2	Leptis Magna Lepcis magna	Municipality: Al Nugat Al Hums	1100 BC e.	1982	Number 183	i, ii, iii
3	Sabrafa Sabratha	Municipality: Es Zawiya	500th BC e.	1982	Number 184	iii
four	Rock painting in the mountains of Tadrart-Akakus Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus	Municipality: Gat	Upper Paleolithic	1985	Number 287	iii
five	Ghadames Ghadames	Municipality: Nalut	I century BC e.	1986	Number 362	v
Since 2016, all Libyan sites have been put on the list of World Heritage in jeopardy, as the civil war has been ongoing in the country since 2011. Armed groups are located in the immediate vicinity or in the territory of these objects, which poses a threat to their safety.

Madagascar

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Rainforest Acinanans	Eastern part of the island		2007	1275	ix, x
one		Six reserves with a huge number of endemic species (at least 80% of the species are not found elsewhere, 25 lemurs of different species!) Were put on the list in 2010 under threat due to illegal logging.

Mali

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	The historic city of Timbuktu Timbuktu	Tombouctou	X century	1988	119	ii, iv, v
one	The UNESCO World Heritage Committee, at its 36th session in 2012, granted the request of the Government of Mali and included the city of Tombouctou in the List of Endangered Objects, which will improve cooperation and support in protecting the objects that are endangered as a result of the armed conflict in the area.
2	Tomb of Askia Tomb of askia	Gao	1495	2004	1139	ii, iii, iv
2	The UNESCO World Heritage Committee, at its 36th session in 2012, granted the request of the Government of Mali and included the Askia tomb in the List of Endangered Objects, which will improve cooperation and support in protecting the objects that are endangered as a result of the armed conflict in the area.
3	Jenna Old Town Old towns of djenné	Area: Mopti	250 BC e.	1988	116	iii, iv
3	Listed in 2016.

Micronesia

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Nan Madol , the ceremonial center of Eastern Micronesia ( Ceremonial Centers of the Early Micronesian States: Nan Madol and Lelu )	States: Pohnpei , Kusai	VIII - XIII centuries	2016	1503	i, iii, iv, v, vi
one		Listed immediately because of the danger caused by siltation of waterways and the growth of mangroves.

Niger

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Nature reserves Air and Tener	Sahara Desert		1991	573	vii, ix, x
one		It was entered in 1991 immediately into the "alarming list" due to the unstable situation in the country - on the verge of a civil war.

Palestine

#	Title	Location	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Palestine : land of olives and vineyards. Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem , Batir (Palestine)	Bethlehem Province	2014	1492	iv, v
one	Included in the “alarm list” simultaneously with the inclusion in the World Heritage List in 2014: sociocultural and geopolitical changes can irreparably damage the authenticity and integrity of the object, in particular, the construction of a separation wall has begun, which can block the way for farmers to fields that they have been cultivated for centuries.
2	Hebron Old Town	Hebron Province	2017	1565	ii, iv, vi
2	It is included in the “alarm list” at the same time as it was included in the List of World Heritage Sites in 2017: a difficult political and social situation.

Panama

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Portobelo and San Lorenzo: fortifications on the Caribbean coast of Panama	Province of Colon	XVII and XVIII centuries.	1980	135	i, iv
one		Introduced in 2012. The reasons mentioned are: environmental conditions, lack of care and uncontrolled urban development

Peru

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Chan chan	Surroundings of Trujillo	C. 1300	1986	366	i, iii
one		On the list of endangered since 1986: climate change destroying buildings.

Senegal

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Niokolo Coba National Park	Near the border with Guinea-Bissau	XX century	1981	153	x

Serbia

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Orthodox monasteries in Kosovo Monastery of the Pechsky Patriarchate High Dečany Monastery Monastery Gracanica Church of the Virgin Mary Levishka	Kosovo	XIII - XIV century	2004	724	ii, iii, iv
one		Civil war continues in the region, and Serbian shrines are a convenient target for Albanian sabotage. Into the list of endangered in 2006.

Syria

#	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one	Old town in damascus	Damascus	c VIII century	1979	20	i, ii, iii, iv, vi
2	Old Town in Bosra	Bosra	2nd century	1980	22	i, iii, vi
3	Archaeological sites of Palmyra	Palmyra	I - II centuries	1980	23	i, ii, iv
four	Old Town in Aleppo	Aleppo	from the 12th century	1986	21	iii, iv
five	Castles Crac de Chevalier and Calat Salah ad Din	Homs and Latakia Provinces	XI - XIII centuries	2006	1229	ii, iv
6	Ancient villages of Northern Syria (the ruins of 40 settlements are combined into 8 groups)	Aleppo and Idlib Provinces	I - VII centuries	2011	1348	iii, iv, v
All the monuments from the list of Syria are under threat, as the civil war has been going on in the country since 2011. Part of the territory of Syria is captured by the Islamic State terrorist group, which is systematically destroying monuments not only in Syria, but also in Iraq. Monuments suffered from hostilities, some partially destroyed. The list is under threat in 2013.

United States of America

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Everglades National Park	Florida		1979	76	viii, ix, x
one		The largest section of mangrove in the western hemisphere was already on this list (1993-2007) due to the decrease in river flow and the 1992 hurricane. In 2010, the park was again listed as endangered due to ongoing degradation. An environmental disaster in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred dangerously close to Florida is not listed for re-listing.

Solomon Islands

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		East rennell ( English East Rennell )	1998	-	Island: Rennell Province : Rennell and Bellona	854	ix
one		On the list since 2013: under threat due to deforestation and the impact of this on the local ecosystem.

Tanzania

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Kilwa Kisivani and Songa Manara ruins	Tanzania		1981	144	iii
one		The list was put under threat in 2004: the “ownerless” palace complex could collapse.

Uganda

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Burial of the Kings of Buganda in Kasubi	Uganda	1882	2001	1022	i, iii, iv, vi
one		The fire in March 2010 forced the burial to be listed. The remains of the kings themselves were not affected, and the government promises to rebuild the complex.

Uzbekistan

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		The historic center of Shakhrisabz	Kashkadarya region	XV - XVI centuries	2000	No. 885	iii, iv
one		Included in the alarm list in 2016 due to disregard: buildings are being destroyed, and high-rise hotels are being built very close by.

Central African Republic

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Manovo Gounda Saint Floris National Park	Bambingi-Bangoran Prefecture	XX century	1988	475	ix, x
one		On the list of endangered since 1997: ongoing poaching using high-speed vehicles and automatic weapons.

Chile

#	Picture	Title	Location	Time of creation	Year of listing	No.	Criteria
one		Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpeter production	Tarapaca Region	XIX century	2005	1178	ii, iii, iv
one		The once thriving factory city fell into decay at the beginning of the 20th century due to the discovery of a more advanced technology for the production of nitrogen fertilizers (from ammonia ), and by 1960 it had become a “ ghost town ”. Listed at risk at the same time as World Heritage List - abandoned factory suffered from an earthquake .

Items removed from the list

The following are the objects that were on the list, but were removed from it (as of June 2013):

Due to improved situation

An object	Years	Cause
Kotor , Montenegro	1979-2003	The earthquake of April 15, 1979.
Jujj Ornithological Reserve, Senegal	1984-1988	Dam construction down the river. The dam was built correctly, and the alarm was unfounded.
Jujj Ornithological Reserve, Senegal	2000-2006	Giant salvinia ( Salvinia molesta ), an acclimatized aquatic fern. He was able to take control with the help of the beetle of the salvian weevil ( Cyrtobagous salviniae ).
Ngorongoro , Tanzania	1984-1989	Poaching, illegal settlements.
Abomey , Benin	1985-2007	After the 1984 hurricane , which severely damaged the palace, Abomey was simultaneously listed on the World Heritage List and on the list of endangered sites.
Bahla Fortress , Oman	1988-2004	Destruction of the fort earthen buildings.
Wieliczka Salt Mine , Poland	1989-1998	Due to excess tourism, humidity has risen. Air conditioning was established in the mine, and tourism was limited.
The historic city of Tombouctou , Mali	1990-2005	Civil war in the country, desertification .
Dubrovnik , Croatia	1991-1998	The war in Croatia
Plitvice Lakes , Croatia	1992-1997	The war in Croatia , as a result of which the territory was mined
Srebarna Nature Reserve , Bulgaria	1992-2003	Agricultural use that has reduced bird species
Angkor , Cambodia	1992-2004	When the civil war ended, Angkor was simultaneously listed on the World Heritage List and on the list of endangered properties. After restoration, Angkor was removed from the list.
Sangai National Park , Ecuador	1992-2005	Road construction
Manas National Park , India	1992—2011	Ongoing poaching , turbulent situation in the region.
Yellowstone National Park , USA	1995-2003	Mining in the vicinity of the park
Ishkel National Park , Tunisia	1996-2006	Salinization of lakes due to land reclamation
Butrint , Albania	1997-2005	Civil War
Iguazu National Park , Brazil	1999-2001	An unauthorized road broke the park in two. The road was closed.
Ruvenzory Mountains National Park , Uganda	1999-2004	The reserve has become a haven for rebels.
Hampi , India	1999-2006	Construction of the road and two bridges. Further construction plans had to be abandoned.
Tipaza , Algeria	2002-2006	Inadequate retention rate leading to poor construction status
Kathmandu Valley , Nepal	2003-2007	Partial or substantial loss of traditional monuments in six of the seven sites.
The fortress (old) city of Baku with the Shirvanshahs Palace and the Maiden’s Tower , Azerbaijan	2003-2009	Earthquake of November 2000, urban development
Cologne Cathedral , Germany	2004-2006	High-rise construction in the vicinity of the cathedral
Galapagos Islands , Ecuador	2007—2010	The World Heritage Monument at number 1 suffers from excessive tourism , immigration and the acclimatization of alien species. In 2010, he was removed from the list as a tribute to the efforts of the Government of Ecuador to improve the situation.
Shalimar Gardens and Lahore Fort , Pakistan	2000-2012	Destruction of historic water tanks in 1999 to widen the road and perishable garden walls
Rice Terraces in the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines	2001-2012	Lack of a systematic monitoring program or comprehensive management plan.
Bam city and its cultural landscape , Iran	2004—2013	The devastating earthquake of 2003 pretty much destroyed the ancient buildings. The efforts of the Iranian government to restore damaged buildings were noted at the 37th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee , which allowed to delete the object from the “alarm list”.
Los Katios (National Park) , Colombia	2009—2015	Deforestation, illegal fishing and hunting. Significant improvements in fleet management followed.
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta , Georgia	2009—2016	Concerns about saving the place.
Symen (National Park) , Ethiopia	1996—2017	Decline in the number of protected species (Ethiopian jackal, Abyssinian mountain goat, Gelada monkey).
Belize Barrier Reef , Belize	2009—2018	Uncontrolled felling of mangrove trees .
Basilica of the Nativity , Palestine	2012—2019	The building suffered from leaks.

Deprived of World Heritage Status

An object	Years	Cause
Arabian Antelope Reserve , Oman	1994-2007	Decrease in the reserve area, poaching , oil production
Elbe Valley near Dresden , Germany	2004-2009	Construction of the Valdschlöschen bridge
Bagrat Temple , Georgia	2010—2017	Bagrat’s Temple and Gelati Monastery , listed by UNESCO on one item, were put on the “alarm list” in 2010 due to promises by Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili to rebuild Bagrat’s temple, despite protests by art historians. In 2017, UNESCO excluded Bagrat Cathedral from the list of World Heritage Sites, since its reconstruction damaged the integrity and authenticity. The neighboring Gelati Monastery, which is not in danger, has retained World Heritage status ^[3] .

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Russian) . UNESCO World Heritage Center. Date of treatment July 7, 2013. Archived July 9, 2013.
↑ Iraq: Isis 'blows up Unesco world heritage Assyrian site of Ashur' near Tikrit , International Business Times (28 May 2015). Date accessed August 24, 2015.
↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center . Gelati Monastery, Georgia, removed from UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger (English) , UNESCO (July 10, 2017). Date of treatment January 12, 2018.

Links

World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO World Heritage Center. Date of treatment July 7, 2013. Archived July 9, 2013.
List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO World Heritage Center. Date of treatment July 7, 2013. Archived July 9, 2013.
Formation of a World Heritage List at risk (unspecified) . World Heritage Conservation Fund. Date of treatment July 7, 2013. Archived July 9, 2013.

[Конвенция-1] ¹ ² Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Russian) . UNESCO World Heritage Center. Date of treatment July 7, 2013. Archived July 9, 2013.

[2] Iraq: Isis 'blows up Unesco world heritage Assyrian site of Ashur' near Tikrit , International Business Times (28 May 2015). Date accessed August 24, 2015.

[3] UNESCO World Heritage Center . Gelati Monastery, Georgia, removed from UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger (English) , UNESCO (July 10, 2017). Date of treatment January 12, 2018.