Iosif Mikhailovich Lapitsky (pseudonym Mikhailov ; January 16 [28], 1876 , Minsk - November 5, 1944 , Moscow ) - Russian opera director, music and public figure, opera theorist. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1936). The author of articles on the reform of the opera house.
| Joseph Lapitsky | |||
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| Birth name | Joseph Mikhailovich Lapitsky | ||
| Aliases | Mikhailov | ||
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| Profession | opera director | ||
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Biography
In 1897 he graduated from the Imperial School of Law in St. Petersburg (58th issue [1] ) and was sent to Siberia to carry out judicial reform. After graduating from the Imperial School of Law in St. Petersburg, Lapitsky played for three seasons in the entreprise M. A. Sablina-Dolskaya. In 1900-1901 he was a member of the troupe of the Royal Court National Theater in Munich (by E. Possart).
In 1903, at the invitation of K. S. Stanislavsky , he entered the Moscow Art Theater . It was Stanislavsky who invited Lapitsky to engage in directing.
Joseph Mikhailovich without hesitation accepts the proposal of N. N. Arbatov, with whom he became friends at the Moscow Art Theater, to become his assistant in the New Partnership of the Moscow Private Opera. “In 1903, I joined the opera house. - wrote Lapitsky. “From that moment, when I felt responsible not only for my role and even not only for the performance, but for the theater as a whole, a clear idea was formed about what an opera house should be like” [2] . In 1906, Joseph Mikhailovich concluded a two-year contract for work at the Bolshoi Theater, taking the pseudonym Mikhailov.
In the spring of 1908, reports began to appear in Moscow newspapers about Lapitsky’s upcoming departure from the Bolshoi Theater : “I don’t believe that the directorate, in its desire to worsen things, has gone so far as to release the only sensible director” [3] , “ S. I. Mamontov rejected the proposal of the directorate to take the place of the chief director <...> the only worthy candidate is Mr. Mikhailov, who has established himself by staging the opera Stone Guest. In his production, a really new and interesting one was revealed. It is clear that he is an understanding and comprehensively educated person ” [3] . "G. Mikhailov was the first to attempt to breathe life into the work of opera productions ”, etc. But the director leaves the Bolshoi Theater without regrets, calling it“ a crypt of state art ” [4] . Leaves at the time of the intended appointment as its chief director of the theater, leaves with the thought and firm decision to build an opera house on a new basis. And such a theater is the Theater of Musical Drama , which from the first months of work attracted attention by the novelty of the productions and the vivid dramatic play of opera artists.
The theater was opened in 1912, in the building of the St. Petersburg Conservatory . “The theater was organized as a joint partnership ... The general meeting of forty-eight shareholders unanimously elected L. a member of the board and managing director for the artistic part, presenting him with the exclusive right to form a troupe . Musical director Joseph Mikhailovich invited the pianist and conductor M. A. Behter , who graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory with a gold medal [5] . According to the competition, the soloists received young artists who already had experience, as well as recent graduates of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, preferring not the quality of the votes, but the availability of acting data and prospects for revealing the personality. ”
The theater lasted from December 11/24, 1912 to January 19, 1919, six years with a little. During this period, Lapitsky staged more than twenty-nine operas, which received great public attention and went down in the history of musical theater. Of considerable interest were such productions of operas as Boris Godunov (1913) and Sorochinskaya Fair (1917, as amended by Ts . A. Cui ) Musorgsky, Mazepa (1913); The Stone Guest by Dargomyzhsky (1915). For the first time in Russia, TMD staged K. Péleas and Melisande's opera by C. Debussy (1915). The theater’s repertoire included such operas as The Queen of Spades, Cherevichki, Khovanshchina, Marriage, The Barber of Seville, Faust, Hoffmann's Tales, etc.
In 1934-1939, Lapitsky was the main director of the Academic Opera and Ballet Theater of the Ukrainian SSR . In 1937, he created the Donetsk Opera and Ballet Theater .
In 1936 he received the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR and was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor [6] .
Personal life
While working in the troupe of M. A. Sablina-Dolskaya in Irkutsk, he met with singer Maria Vasilyevna Veselovskaya (1877-1941), who became his wife. Their son, Vsevolod Iosifovich Lapitsky (1903-1975) - professor, dean of the Faculty of Energy of the Moscow Engineering and Economic Institute .
Notes
- ↑ LIST of former pupils of the IMPERIAL School of Law, who completed their course of science in 1840–1917. . Date of treatment January 18, 2012. Archived November 29, 2012.
- ↑ I. M. Lapitsky. Brief autobiography .. - Typewriting .. - Archive of I.M. Lapitsky, 1940.
- ↑ 1 2 Fragment of the memoirs of S. Yu. Levik “Notes of the opera singer”
- ↑ Isakhanov G. D. The Phantom of the Opera Director // Theater .. - 2007 ,. - No. 30 . - S. 145 ..
- ↑ Bakanova L.N. Musical Drama Theater I.M. Lapitsky: on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of creation
- ↑ On awarding workers of the Kiev Ukrainian State Opera and workers of the Ukrainian ensemble (Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR — March 23, 1936.) (oldgazette.ru)
Literature
- Isakhanov G.D. The Phantom of the Opera Director // Theater. 2007, No. 30, S. 134 - 152.
- Lapitsky Joseph Mikhailovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Levik S.Yu. Notes of the opera singer. M., 1962.
- Polubneva Yu. A. Photo archive of theatrical director I. M. Lapitsky: biography in images // Book in the space of culture. - M .: Ros. state b-ka, 2013. - Issue. 1 (9) . - S. 146-152 .
- Haplanova E. G. Pages of the history of the Theater of Musical Drama in the collection of I. M. Lapitsky // Theatrical Heritage and the Present. - St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2011. - with. 173-184