Plumeria ( lat. Plumeria ) is a genus of tropical trees of the Kutrovye family . According to The Plant List , the genus includes 10 non-hybrid species [2] .
| Plumeria | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Plumeria Turn. ex L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The common name of plumeria is frangipani , in honor of the Italian nobleman who created the perfume using the scent of the flowers of this plant [3] .
The genus habitat is tropical regions of the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean , South America , Mexico , California , Thailand .
The flowers exude a scent that resembles that of citrus , jasmine , spice, gardenia , lily of the valley.
Content
History
Aztec Application
In his fundamental work “ The General History of New Spain Affairs ” ( 1547 - 1577 ), Bernardino de Sahagun , relying on Aztec information about the properties of plants, gave various information about plumeria (Plumeria rubra L. (Plumeria rubra f. Acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson or Plumeria rubra f. Tricolor (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson)), in particular that:
This flower, which is called cacallachutl ; it is of two kinds: one of them, growing on trees, and in hot edges, has a very delicate fragrance; but this one, which is called the trick of the above-mentioned sounds, about which we are talking about, grows in the field and has no flavor, although it looks the same as the one described above, which grows on trees [4] .
Botanical description
Plumeria flowers have 5 petals. Most flowers have a pleasant smell, which is most intense in the morning. It is impossible to describe the smell, because it varies with the environment. Plumeria petals are usually oval, less often in the form of a spatula. They can be both narrow and wide, flat or twisted.
Fragrant flowers attract many insects, but disappointment awaits them. They pollinate flowers in the fruitless search for nectar, which is not in the colors of plumeria.
Plumeria oil extracts are widely used in cosmetology and have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and regenerating effects on the skin, therefore they are excellent for use in night creams, as well as in means for deep cleansing of the skin.
Plumeria leaves are usually dark green, sometimes with shades of purple, gray. Most often the leaves are elliptical, less often lanceolate.
The fruits of plumeria are inedible. After flowering, narrow, cylindrical pods are formed, pointed at the ends, green or reddish-brown. Seeds can be stored in a cool dry place, but every year their germination decreases.
Plumeria is the national flower of Laos and Bali , and for the Maya it was a symbol of erotica, and in particular, of lust .
Also considered a symbol of immortality - it is planted in the near-temple areas in Buddhist countries.
Agrotechnics
In mild climates, plumeria can be grown in open ground , in a cool one, with a non-bare root system (in containers), as it is sensitive to cold. The plant successfully propagated by cuttings and seeds .
In the spring, plumeria begins to grow actively, but under the condition of regular watering and in good light. Otherwise, the leaves will begin to turn yellow and the growth of the plant will slow. The plant needs moderate watering, and from mid-October, the frequency of watering decreases until spring. In the spring, the plant needs nitrogen , and later - phosphorus . It is necessary to fertilize the soil every 2-3 weeks: plumeria is very sensitive to fertilizers.
Plumeria reproduces both seeds and cuttings. The difference is that a plant will “ripen” from seeds for a year, two, or even all three, before the flowers appear. Rooted cuttings form a tree, which after a few months may bloom. Plumery cuttings, even unrooted ones, are highly valued on the world market and usually cost from $ 10 or more.
The branches of plumeria are thick, fleshy, from 2 to 5 cm thick, cuttings for rooting are at least 20 cm long. It should be rooted in a special sand mixture using bottom heating. One of the obvious advantages of plumeria cuttings is their ability to remain cut off for months. They are easy to transport, they do not require soil and watering for a long time. Rooted quite easily.
Types
According to The Plant List , the genus includes 10 species [2] :
- Plumeria alba L. - White plumeria
- Plumeria filifolia Griseb.
- Plumeria inodora Jacq.
- Plumeria magna Zanoni & MMMejía
- Plumeria mariaelenae JFGut. & J.Linares
- Plumeria obtusa L. - Stupid Plumeria
- Plumeria pudica Jacq. - Plumeria is shy
- Plumeria rubra L. - Plumeria red
- Plumeria × stenopetala Urb.
- Plumeria subsessilis A.DC.
Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 Plumeria (English) . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). The date of circulation is January 29, 2017.
- ↑ Elena Knezhevich. Plumeria (Plumeria) or Frangipani . Fragrantica.ru (August 11, 2010). The appeal date is February 8, 2015.
- ↑ Sahagun, 2013 , p. 176.
Literature
- Bernardino de Sahagun , Kuprienko S.A. General story about the affairs of New Spain. Books X-XI: Knowledge of Asteks in Medicine and Botany / Ed. and trans. S. A. Kuprienko .. - K .: Vidavets Kupriinko SA, 2013. - 218 p. - (Mesoamerica. Sources. History. Man). - ISBN 978-617-7085-07-1 .