Rashid Alievich Syunyayev ( Tat. Rəşit Ğali uğlı Sөnəyev, Rәshit Gali uly Sөnәev ; born March 1, 1943 , Tashkent ) - Soviet and Russian astrophysicist , academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992), laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2000, 2016).
| Rashid Alievich Sunyaev | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tat. Rәshit Gali uly Sөnәev | ||||||||
| Date of Birth | ||||||||
| Place of Birth | ||||||||
| A country | ||||||||
| Scientific field | astrophysics | |||||||
| Place of work | Space Research Institute RAS Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics | |||||||
| Alma mater | MIPT , MSU (mehmat) | |||||||
| Academic degree | ||||||||
| supervisor | Ya. B. Zeldovich | |||||||
| Known as | creator of the theory known as the Sunyaev – Zel'dovich effect and the “standard” theory of disk accretion on black holes (Shakura – Sunyaev disks) | |||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 family
- 3 Awards
- 4 Membership in Academies
- 5 Membership in scientific societies
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Biography
Born on March 1, 1943 in Tashkent in a Tatar family descended from Mordovia . He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University [3] . At the same time he studied at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and graduate school of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at the Faculty of General and Applied Physics . [4] Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1973), professor. He headed the high-energy astrophysics department at the IKI RAS , and since 1992, he has been the chief researcher at the Space Research Institute of the RAS . He is also the director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching ( Germany ).
In collaboration with Ya. B. Zeldovich, he created a theory known as the Sunyaev – Zeldovich effect , according to which relic radiation in space is gradually scattered by electrons [5] [6] [7] [8] .
R. A. Syunyaev, together with NI Shakura, developed a model of accretion disks formed when a substance falls on a black hole and cause strong x-ray radiation from binary systems in which one of the stars is a black hole or a neutron star [9] .
R. A. Sunyaev participated in important studies of the early Universe, including studies on the recombination of hydrogen in the Universe and the occurrence of angular fluctuations of the CMB . He led the team that conducted instrumentation observations on the Quantum module , which was part of the Mir orbital station . With the help of this module, in 1987, hard X-ray radiation from a supernova was first recorded, associated with the decay of the radioactive nickel synthesized during the death of a star, which turns into radioactive cobalt and then into iron. His team at IKI was responsible for astrophysical observations from the Granat and INTEGRAL satellites, and is currently preparing the international astrophysical project Spectrum-X-ray-Gamma . At the Institute of Astrophysics Max Planck, he works in the field of theoretical astrophysics of high energies and physical cosmology, and also participates in the interpretation of data from the spacecraft of the European Space Agency Planck .
Family
The eldest son of Rashid Alievich is Shamil Sunyaev , professor at Harvard Medical School . The youngest son is Ali Sunyaev , professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology .
Rewards
- Bruno Rossi Award of the American Astronomical Society (1988)
- Fundamental Sciences Award, International Academy of Astronautics (1990)
- Memorial Scientific Prize named after John Lindsay Space Center. Goddard , NASA , USA (1991)
- Cosmology Robinson Prize, University of Newcastle , UK (1995)
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1995)
- Gold Medal of Sir Messi of the Royal Society and COSPAR (1998)
- Gold Medal by Catherine Bruce of the Pacific Astronomical Society (2000)
- State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology in 2000 for the study of black holes and neutron stars using the X-ray and gamma- ray astrophysical observatory "GRANAT" in 1990 - 1998 [10] .
- A. A. Fridman Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002 for a series of works “Effect of diminishing the brightness of relic radiation in the direction of galaxy clusters” [10]
- Danny Heinemann Award in Astrophysics from the American Institute of Physics and the American Astronomical Society (2003)
- Gruber Prize in Cosmology and Gold Medal of the P. Gruber Foundation and International Astronomical Union (2003)
- Lecture by Karl Jansky (2005)
- MAIK-SCIENCE Publishing House Main Award for Publications in the Field of Physics and Mathematics (2007)
- Kraford Astronomy Prize of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden (2008)
- Karl Schwarzschild Medal (highest award of the Astronomical Society of Germany ) (2008)
- Henry Norris Russell Prize (highest distinction of the American Astronomical Society ) (2008)
- King Faisal International Award (2009) [11]
- Kyoto Prize (2011) [12]
- Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics for “Fundamental Contribution to Understanding the Early Universe and the Properties of Black Holes” (2012) [13]
- Einstein Professor, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2013) [14]
- Eddington Medal (2015) [15]
- Gold medal named after Ya. B. Zeldovich RAS (2015) [16]
- Oscar Klein Medal (2015) [17]
- State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology in 2016 for the creation of the theory of disk accretion of matter into black holes [18]
- Marcel Grossman Prize , ICRANet (2018)
- Dirac Medal (together with V.F. Mukhanov , A.A. Starobinsky , for 2019) [19]
Academy Memberships
- Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1984)
- Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992)
- Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1991)
- Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1986)
- Member of the European Academy of Sciences (1990)
- Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1992)
- Honorary Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (1995)
- Member of the Max Planck Society (1995)
- Member of the German Academy of Natural Sciences "Leopoldina" (2003)
- Foreign Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Netherlands (2004)
- Foreign Member of the Royal Society , United Kingdom (2009) [20]
Membership in Scientific Societies
- Member of the International Astronomical Union (1986).
- Vice-President of COSPAR (Commission on Space Research of the International Union of Scientific Unions) (1988-1994).
- Honorary Member of the American Astronomical Society (1990).
- Member of the European Astronomical Society (1991)
- Vice President of the European Astronomical Society (1991-1993)
- Fello American Physical Society (1993)
- Foreign Member of the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain ( 1994 )
- Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society , Philadelphia (2007)
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 114305862 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Medal for black holes. Russian scientist awarded prestigious award
- ↑ valuh, phystech_alumni. Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences are graduates of Fiztekh . Phystechs are graduates of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (December 11, 2014). Date of treatment January 14, 2018.
- ↑ Sunyaev RA, Zel'dovich YB The interaction of matter and radiation in a hot-model universe (Eng.) // Astrophys. Space Sci. : journal. - 1969. - Vol. 4 , no. 3 . - P. 301-316 .
- ↑ Sunyaev RA, Zel'dovich YB Small-scale fluctuations of relic radiation (Eng.) // Astrophys. Space Sci. : journal. - 1970. - Vol. 7 , no. 1 . - P. 3-19 .
- ↑ Sunyaev RA, Zel'dovich YB The observations of relic radiation as a test of the nature of X-ray radiation from the clusters of galaxies (Eng.) // Comm. Astrophys. Space Phys. : journal. - 1972. - Vol. 4 . - P. 173 .
- ↑ Sunyaev RA, Zel'dovich YB Microwave background radiation as a probe of the contemporary structure and history of the universe (Eng.) // Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. : journal. - 1980. - Vol. 18 . - P. 537-560 .
- ↑ Shakura NI, Syunyaev RA Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance (Eng.) // Astronomy and Astrophysics : journal. - 1973. - Vol. 24 . - P. 337-355 .
- ↑ 1 2 Awards and best publications on the IKI RAS website
- ↑ The King Faisal International Prize for Science (Physics) for the year 1430H - 2009G , King Faisal International Prize (2009).
- ↑ Russian astrophysicist Rashid Sunyaev awarded the Kyoto Prize , RIA Novosti (June 25, 2011). Date of treatment June 25, 2011.
- ↑ Russian astrophysicist Rashid Sunyaev will receive the Franklin medal // RIA Novosti
- ↑ MPA :: Rashid Sunyaev zum Einstein Professor der Chinesischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gewählt
- ↑ Winners of the 2015 awards, medals and prizes - full details Archived on January 9, 2015.
- ↑ Gold medal named after Ya. B. Zeldovich
- ↑ Russian astrophysicist was awarded the Oscar Klein medal , Lenta.ru (February 3, 2016). Date of treatment February 3, 2016.
- ↑ Astronomers Shakur and Sunyaev awarded State Prizes - Newspaper.Ru | news
- ↑ Three physicists from Russia received the prestigious Dirac medal for researching the early Universe . meduza.io. Date accessed August 9, 2019.
- ↑ Royal Society , Royal Society of London (2009). Archived March 6, 2010.
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers: A Biographical Reference. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986. - 512 p.
Links
- Profile of Rashid Alievich Sunyaev on the official website of the RAS
- Sunyaev Rashid Alievich on the website of the Department of High Energy Astrophysics, IKI RAS
- Sunyaev Rashid Alievich on the website of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
- Biography of R. A. Syunyaev on the website of the Russian Astronomical Network