Traction unit - coupled sections of control locomotives (usually electric or electric locomotives ) and dump cars equipped with traction motors . The use of freight cars as traction units makes it possible to increase the coupling weight by a factor of 2–3 and to increase the number of loaded cars in a train . Due to such properties, traction units are widely used in mining enterprises ( quarries and open-pit mines ).
Content
History
USSR and post-Soviet countries
By the early 1950s . The mining industry of the USSR required stronger electric locomotives. By that time, electric locomotives with a coupling weight of 70–90 tons , mostly of pre-war construction, which worked as a double draft , worked at the quarries. In 1951 , delivery of six-axle electric locomotives with a coupling mass of 150 tons began from the GDR , but they were relatively expensive.
In 1957 , a motor dumpkar was created on the Korkinsky coal mine on the basis of the usual four-axle dumpcar, which was linked to the IV-KP1 electric locomotive. The coupling mass has doubled (the mass of the electric locomotive is 80 tons, the mass of the loaded dump car is 96 tons) and this made it possible for the electric locomotive to work on steeper slopes . The resulting composition was the first in the country traction unit .
Traction units LEW plant
In 1964 , the German plant Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke (LEW) (near Hennigsdorf) produced two electric locomotives EL2 with equipment to control not only its electric motors, but also the electric motors attached to the electric locomotive motor dumper, and also one motor dumper for these electric locomotives. At the same time, the plant began production of EL10 diesel-electric locomotives for work on AC lines with a voltage of 10 kV, initially equipped with equipment to control two dump cars. With each electric locomotive of this series, the plant also supplied two motor dump trucks to the USSR. The first electric locomotives EL10 had a carriage layout with one control cabin around the edge, later locomotives switched to a bonnet layout with a central cabin, for which the height of the locomotive body in areas other than the cab was reduced. Subsequently, the plant produced for the USSR modernized traction units of the EL20 series.
EL10 with train
EL20 electric locomotive
Dumpcars EL20
Traction units of the Dnepropetrovsk plant
Since 1967 , the USSR began mass production of traction units at the Dnepropetrovsk electric locomotive plant . The first traction units of the PE2 series were designed for DC lines and included one electric locomotive with a central location of the control cabin and two dumpcars. Subsequently, this model became the base for all traction units produced by DEVZ , and in 1972 , an OPE2 traction unit was built on its basis for alternating current with a similar design and a similar composition (electric locomotive + 2 dump cars), and in 1973 based on it - diesel-electric traction unit OPE1A , including an electric locomotive, diesel booster section without a control cabin and a motor dump truck. Subsequently, the factory created low-volume diesel-electric traction units PE3T and OPE1B of increased power, formed according to the scheme of an electric locomotive + diesel section + motor dumpcar. The plant set up a large-scale production of traction units of direct current PE2, PE2 m and PE2u and alternating current OPE1A and OPE1A m , while OPE1A with time began to be produced without a diesel section as electric locomotives with two dumpcars.
PE2 m -147
OPE1A-069 and 028
OPE1A-045 with two diesel sections
Traction units Novocherkassk plant
Since 1969 , at the Novocherkassk plant , ACE1 series AC traction units were produced, which, unlike the units produced by DEVZ, had a locomotive wagon layout and consisted of a two-section electric locomotive (electric locomotive and diesel locomotive section) with control cabins for each section and one motor dump truck. Locomotives of this series were produced until 2002, some of them were released without motor dump cars. Since 2003 , the plant has established the production of NP1 AC alternating current units, consisting of an electric locomotive with a central location of the driver's cab and two motor dump cars.
OPE1-393 without dumpcar
NP1-028 and OPE1A-094
Comparative characteristics of traction units
| Indicator | Unit type | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EL10 | OPE1 | OPE2 | OPE1A | OPE1B | PE1 | PE2 | PE2 m | PE3 t | NP1 | |
| Start Year | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1973 | 1976 | 1967 | 1968 | 1978 | 2004 | |
| Axial formula | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 2 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) | 3 (2 0 + 2 0 ) |
| Rated power kW | 4770 | 4370 | 5325 | 5325 | 5325 | 5460 | 6120 | 5460 | 5325 | 7600 |
| Thrust in nominal mode, kN | 681 | 560 | 662 | 662 | 662 | 694 | 672 | 694 | 662 | 1050 |
| Speed in nominal mode, km / h | 25.7 | thirty | 29.5 | 29.5 | 29.5 | 28.9 | 33.4 | 28.9 | 29.5 | 25 |
| Diesel generator power, kW | 550 | 1471 | - | 1103 | 1470 | - | - | - | 1471 | - |
See also
- Booster section
Literature
- Bratash V.A. Electric locomotives and traction units of industrial transport. - M .: Transport , 1977. - p. 24 - 31.
- Traction unit // Railway transport: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia , 1994. - p. 470. - ISBN 5-85270-115-7 .