Bashmakov, Alexander Alexandrovich

The son of the Odessa governor Alexander Dmitrievich Bashmakov (1825-1888) and his common-law wife Varvara Nikolaevna Sushkova (1836-1916). According to his father, the descendant of Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov and the grandson of the civil governor of the Tauride province.

He began to print while studying at Novorossiysk University . In 1881, Bashmakov graduated from the law faculty of the university with the title of candidate of rights and spent several months in Eastern Rumelia , holding the post of secretary of the legislative commission of the Rumelia administration. In 1882-1885 he was engaged in advocacy in Odessa, worked as a city magistrate and chairman of the congress of magistrates in the cities of Dubno and Libava . He took part in the preparation of the opening of Europe's first Pasteur bacteriological station in Odessa, collaborating with I. I. Mechnikov and N. F. Gamaleya . He corresponded with Pasteur , and became the first donor, contributing a thousand rubles to create a station.

Participated in judicial reform in the Baltics. Bashmakov became a justice of the peace in the Baltic region , and drafted legislation in the drafting committee preparing a new imperial civil code. Bashmakov’s ideology was a kind of “monarchist nationalism”, the concepts of which were repeatedly declared by him in speeches and articles:

Russia's growth has been and is domestic growth, not colonial growth. Internal growth is a peculiar process, the spiritual side of which is completely different, for it is accompanied by the growth of national self-consciousness and unity ... Therefore, Russian state people cannot have a more elevated goal, such as promoting such a final order of things when a resident of the Caucasus, Samarkand or the Amur he is as Russian as a resident of Kostroma, and his Russian native will never reproach that the blood of present Armenians, Sarts or Gilyaks will flow in his veins.

- A. Bashmakov. For the troubled years. Journalistic articles and speeches. - SPb. , 1906. - S. 78.

In 1898 he entered the legal advisory service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . He began to study the situation in the Balkans , the next year went on a trip through Bulgaria to Macedonia , the situation in which was extremely tense. The trip served as material for articles in which he conveyed the plight of the Slavs in the Balkans to Russian inhabitants. According to Bashmakov’s definition, the Slavic idea is “a line along which the means of the Russian state, defending Russian interests in European politics, would be aimed at promoting, in every possible way, outside Russia, the growth of Slavic tribes in which instinctively lives a sense of solidarity with the Russian tribe. "

In 1904-1905 he served as editor in the official diplomatic publication of the Ministry of the Interior, Journal de St.-Petersboug, in French. October 1, 1905, he bought the newspaper "War time", and began to publish, renaming it "People's Voice". During the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, he repeatedly spoke out about the need for tough opposition to revolutionary forces, and at the beginning of 1906 created the “ Russian Party of the People’s Center ”. The new party was politically to the left of the Union of the Russian People and the Russian Assembly , but to the right of the Union of October 17 . Bashmakov with his party actively participated in the First All-Russian Congress of the Russian Assembly on February 8-12, 1906, held in St. Petersburg , and in the Second All-Russian Congress of Russian People on April 6-12, 1906 in Moscow . Such intellectuals as Platon Kulakovsky , Nikolai Shipov , Nikolai Kuznetsov, Pavel Mansurov and others joined the new party. Around this time, he became a member of the Russian Assembly, and in 1908 was one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian border community .

At the initiative of P. A. Stolypin , he was appointed to the post of editor-in-chief of the “ Government Gazette ” and held it, with an interruption, until 1913 ^[2] . Also, with the assistance of Stolypin, he was included in the Council of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

In 1916 he was a member of a delegation of Russian journalists who, at the invitation of the British government, visited England and the Western Front.

Bashmakov's scientific hobbies were ethnography : he explored Altai , the Balkans, Sudan and many European countries.

After the 1917 revolution , for some time he was an assistant to the Chief Commissioner of the Red Cross under General A.I. Denikin , and in 1919 he emigrated first to Turkey , Serbia , and in 1924 to France . He participated in the two largest congresses of emigration: the Reinchengall in 1921 and the Paris in 1926. In exile, he continued to uphold monarchical and pan-Slavic ideals, studied ethnography, and taught at the French School of Anthropology at the Department of Paleontology of the Black Sea countries and at the French Institute of Human Paleontology.

He died in 1943, was buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois .

• The basic principles of mortgage law. Libava, 1891.
• The Baltic question from the point of view of practical domestic policy. Revel, 1893–94.
• Essays on the land system of the Baltic peasants.
• Altai essays. "Russian Vedomosti", 1896.
• Institute of patrimonial property before a court of Russian jurisdiction. St. Petersburg, 1897.
• Russian ways to Mongolia. 1899.
• Bulgaria and Macedonia. (Under the pseudonym Prophetic Oleg, 1899).
• Bulgaria and Macedonia. St. Petersburg, 1903.
• Legislative technique and public law. St. Petersburg, 1904.
• For the troubled years. Journalistic articles and speeches. St. Petersburg, 1906.
• Organic flaws in our elective system. St. Petersburg, 1907.
• Great demolition. St. Petersburg, 1907.
• Democracy and sovereign will. St. Petersburg, 1908.
• Through Black Mountain to the country of wild gegs. ("Slavic Izvestia", 1908 - 09).
• Balkan speeches. 1909
• Tripolitania and Cyrenaica regarding their history and ethnography. St. Petersburg, 1912.
• Serbian history before Turkish rule. St. Petersburg, 1913.
• Through Montenegro to the country of wild gegs. St. Petersburg, 1913.

• Tomsinov V. A. Alexander Bashmakov (1858-1943) // Russian jurists of the 18th-20th centuries: Essays on life and work. In 2 volumes (Volume 2). - M. , 2007 .-- S. 166-204. - 672 p. - ("Russian legal heritage"). - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8078-0145-6 .

• Mikhail Smolin. The ideologist of imperial pan-Slavism and nationalism, Alexander Alexandrovich Bashmakov.
• Biography on the Chronos website.
• Biography in the "Russian Biographical Dictionary".