Chechenization is a term spread by the media [1] , denoting the policy of the administration and government of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic , namely, when the Chechens representing the government impose constitutional order and monitor its observance in their territory and space.
The analogue of the name Vietnamization is the policy of the Nixon administration regarding the Vietnam War, which he formulated in 1969 .
The term also has a second meaning - “Chechenization of Russia” - when the methods used (but violating the conventions on war) only in the military zone are transferred to the entire territory of the country - “stripping”, disappearing people, killing political opponents on the streets, without resorting to arrest and trial, and various “special operations” (for example, on the seizure of property, disinformation of the population, etc.) [2] [3] .
The term also has a third meaning - “the Chechenization of the Russian army” [4] .
Content
History
The term arose during the Second Chechen War , when the government of the Russian Federation decided to end the active phase of the hostilities and withdraw regular units of the Russian Armed Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic.
Chechenization in practice
Chechenization was a response to the search by the Putin administration for a new concept of Russian policy regarding the Chechen war. Putin won the 2000 presidential election under the slogan of “restoring peace and constitutional order” in Chechnya. At this point, the second war in Chechnya in the last 10 years was extremely unpopular in the Russian society; in order to contain public discontent, Putin needed, first of all, to reduce the casualties of the Russian armed forces in Chechnya.
Chechenization provided for quantitative (creating new units, additional supplies of military equipment) and qualitative (improving soldiers' training, re-equipping with modern weapons and equipment) developing the 58th army, creating and recruiting homogeneous Chechen mobile units under the leadership of the GRU and FSB. At the same time it was announced the beginning of the gradual withdrawal of Russian troops from the republic, calculated for several years. According to this policy, the Russian Federation guaranteed to its allies in Chechnya substantial economic and military assistance in the event of the need to repel aggression from the forces of the separatists.
Results
On the whole, “Chechenization” has a certain positive result: for the first time in 20 years of war peace was established in Chechnya, the region stabilized, the presidential elections took place, a constitution was adopted, homogeneous Chechen battalions “East” , “West”, “South” and “ North, your own riot police and the Ministry of Interior.
Negative aspects of Chechenisation and their examples can be considered tensions in neighboring Ingushetia , a territorial conflict with her, as well as one of the aspects causing ambiguous reaction in Russian society - total amnesty of former separatists and prominent figures of Ichkeria.
See also
- Vietnamese
Sources
Links
- ↑ Izvestia Newspaper:
- ↑ Georgy Satarov A new step in the Chechenization of Russia
- ↑ Alexander Cherkasov. Chechenization of Russia (Inaccessible link) . Daily Journal (January 30, 2005). The appeal date is September 8, 2009. Archived August 20, 2011.
- ↑ Sergey Markedonov . Chechenization of the armed forces . // ALP February 16, 2009