Sergey Nikolayevich Vernov (June 28 ( July 11 ) 1910 , Sestroretsk - September 26, 1982 , Moscow ) - Russian and Soviet physicist , academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences ( 1968 ), specialist in the field of cosmic ray physics . One of the participants in the discovery of the external radiation belt of the Earth . Hero of Socialist Labor , laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes.
| Sergey Nikolaevich Vernov | ||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | July 11, 1910 | |||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Sestroretsk , St. Petersburg Province , Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| Date of death | September 26, 1982 (72 years old) | |||||||||||
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| Scientific field | cosmic ray physics | |||||||||||
| Place of work | LPI , Moscow State University | |||||||||||
| Alma mater | Leningrad Polytechnic Institute | |||||||||||
| Academic degree | Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences ( 1939 ) | |||||||||||
| Academic rank | professor Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ( 1968 ) | |||||||||||
| supervisor | S. I. Vavilov , D.V. Skobeltsyn | |||||||||||
| Known as | one of the participants in the detection of the Earth’s external radiation belt | |||||||||||
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Biography
Candidate of physico-mathematical sciences (1935). The theme of the Ph.D. thesis: "The study of cosmic rays in the stratosphere using radiosondes ." He works at the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (LPI). Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences (1939). Theme of the doctoral dissertation: "The latitudinal effect of cosmic rays in the stratosphere and the verification of cascade theory."
After defending his doctoral dissertation, he continues to work at the Lebedev Physical Institute. In 1943 he transferred to Moscow State University (MSU), to the Faculty of Physics . At first, he works as a professor at the Department of Atomic Nuclei and Radioactive Radiation, then at the head of the Department of Cosmic Rays. After the founding of the Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Physics ( NIIYaF Moscow State University ) in 1946, he became deputy director of the institute (director - D. V. Skobeltsyn ). From 1960 to the last days of his life, S. N. Vernov was director of the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University.
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (physics, October 23, 1953). Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Nuclear Physics (high-energy physics, November 26, 1968).
Sergey Nikolaevich Vernov died on September 26, 1982. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery [1] in Moscow.
Scientific activity
Since 1935, while working in doctoral studies, he has been conducting high-altitude studies of cosmic rays by launching radiosondes at various geomagnetic latitudes, using the Earth's magnetic field as a spectrometer . In these studies, the spectrum of the main part of cosmic rays was first obtained.
Since 1945, he has been conducting a wide front of stratospheric studies of cosmic rays, for which he created a special stratospheric station at the Lebedev Physical Institute and a special group at Moscow State University. The results of the experiments led to important conclusions about the characteristics of the interaction of protons with matter.
At the end of the 1950s, he directed the creation of a unique facility at the Moscow State University for the study of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (in the range eV ). Using this setup, the energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the specified range was obtained.
He led experiments on the study of cosmic rays at the first artificial Earth satellites (AES) and automatic interplanetary stations (AMS). One of the results of these experiments was the largest discovery - the discovery of the external radiation belt of the Earth , which was entered in the State Register of Scientific Discoveries of the USSR under No. 23 with a priority of July 1958 [2] .
Until 1936 he lived at: Sestroretsk, pos. Spill street Novaya Sloboda, house 9. His father was a postal clerk, his mother taught mathematics.
Awards and Prizes
- Hero of Socialist Labor (07/10/1980)
- 3 Orders of Lenin (09/15/1961; 07/09/1970; 07/10/1980)
- Order of the October Revolution (09/17/1975)
- 2 orders of the Red Banner of Labor (06/10/1945; 12/21/1957)
- Order of the Badge of Honor (10.16.1951)
- medals
- Lenin Prize (1960) - for the discovery and study of the external radiation belt of the Earth and the study of the magnetic field of the Earth and the Moon
- Stalin Prize of the first degree (1949) - for experimental studies of cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere, described in the articles: "Study using a hodoscope of showers of particles formed in lead by cosmic rays in the stratosphere", "Study of showers of cosmic rays accompanying penetrating particles", “Measurement of pushes generated by cosmic rays in the stratosphere using an ionization chamber”, “Angular distribution of cosmic rays in the stratosphere”, “Study of the soft and hard components of cosmic rays in the stratosphere ”(1948)
Memory
In 2001, in the city of Dubna, Moscow Region, shortly before the city’s 45th birthday, Savyolovskaya Street, which ended in the Chernaya Rechka area and the approaches to the Great Volga began, was renamed Vernova Street. [3] The memory of him in the city of Dubna is due to the fact that Academician Vernov participated in joint research at the JINR – SRINP at Moscow State University in high-energy physics. Together with D. I. Blokhintsev and V. I. Veksler, he was the creator of the branch of the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University in Dubna (1960), and formed the basis of the JINR educational program. [4] On July 12, 2010, in honor of the centenary of the academician, by the decision of the Municipal Council of Sestroretsk, one of the streets in the new district of Tarkhovka was named Academician Vernov Street. [five]
On December 3, 2014, at a meeting of the Space Council of the RAS, a decision was made to name the outstanding Soviet scientist S.N. Vernova satellite "MKA-FKI (PN2)." Now it is called " Vernov ." The satellite was launched into orbit on July 8, 2014 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Using the RELEC scientific equipment complex (Relativistic ELECTrons) installed on the satellite, we study the mechanisms of precipitation and acceleration of magnetospheric relativistic electrons, their effects on the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere of the Earth, study atmospheric transient phenomena in all ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and search for a possible connection between precipitations of high high electrons energies and high-altitude electrical discharges, which are likely to cause atmospheric transient phenomena. [6]
Notes
- ↑ Grave of S. N. Vernov at the Novodevichy Cemetery
- ↑ Scientific discoveries of Russia.
- ↑ Archived copy (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment November 29, 2012. Archived on August 20, 2011.
- ↑ Scientists, scientists (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Newspaper “Health Resort of St. Petersburg” No. 4 (227) February 10, 2011, p.4. Newspaper "Vesti Kurortny District" No. 12 July 2010, p.1
- ↑ The satellite “MKA-FKI (PN2)” was renamed to “Vernov” .
Literature
- Hramov Yu. A. Vernov Sergey Nikolaevich // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 61 .-- 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (per.)
- Sergey Nikolaevich Vernov (1910 - 1982) (On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth) (Russian) // Aviation and Cosmonautics . - M. , 2010. - No. 7 . - S. 48 .
Links
Vernov, Sergey Nikolaevich . Site " Heroes of the country ".
- S. N. Vernov on peoples.ru
- Articles by S. N. Vernov (and about him) in the journal " Advances in Physical Sciences "
- Sergey Nikolaevich Vernov (obituary) // Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences , 1982, No. 12, p. 111
- Profile of Sergey Nikolaevich Vernov on the official website of the RAS
- Nuclear Physics Research Institute D.V. Skobeltsyna