Grain unit ( ХЕ , carbohydrate unit ) - conditional unit, developed by German nutritionists, is used to approximate the amount of carbohydrates in foods: one ХЕ equals 10 (excluding dietary fiber) or 12 grams (including ballast substances) carbohydrates or 20 (25) g bread.
The concept of bread units is key to ensuring glycemic control in diabetes mellitus . Correctly calculated number of bread units in the diet of a patient with diabetes helps to improve the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
Table of replacement of carbohydrate-containing products by bread units
| Conversion table | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bread and Bakery Products | 1 XE = ... | |
| White bread | 1 piece | 20 g |
| Rye bread | 1 piece | 25 g |
| Borodino bread | 1 piece | 25 g |
| Bun | 1/2 small | 20 g |
| Crackers (dry biscuits) | 5 items | 15 g |
| Crackers (not sweet) | 2 pieces | 15 g |
| Breadcrumbs | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Crispbread | 2 pieces | 25 g |
| Pasta | 1 XE = ... | |
| Vermicelli, noodles, horns, pasta A | 1-2 tbsp. spoons depending on the shape of the product | 15 g |
| A - raw products; either 2–4 tbsp. spoons of boiled pasta, depending on the shape of the product | ||
| Cereals, cereals, flour | 1 XE = ... | |
| Buckwheat B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Corn | 1/2 cob | 100 g |
| Cornflakes | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Manna B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Flour (any) | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Oat B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Oatmeal B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Pearl Barley B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Millet B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| Figure B | 1 tbsp. spoon | 15 g |
| B - meaning 1 tbsp. a spoon of raw cereals; boiled (porridge) 1 XE is contained in 2 tbsp. spoons of the product. So, 2 tbsp. spoons of any porridge = 1 XE! | ||
| Potatoes | 1 XE = ... | |
| Potatoes | 1 tuber the size of a large chicken egg | 65 g |
| Mashed potatoes | 2 tbsp. spoons (with slide) | 75g |
| Fried potatoes | 2 tbsp. spoons with a slide | 35 g |
| Dry potatoes | 25 g | |
| Fruits and berries | 1 XE = ... | |
| Apricots B | 2-3 pieces | 110 g |
| Quince In | 1 piece, large | 140g |
| Pineapple B | 1 piece (cross section) | 140g |
| Watermelon in | 1 piece | 270 g |
| Orange B | 1 piece, medium | 150 g |
| Banana B | 1/2 pieces, medium | 70 g |
| Lingonberry B | 7 tbsp. spoons | 140g |
| Grape B | 12 pieces, small | 70 g |
| Cherry B | 15 pieces | 90 g |
| Pomegranate B | 1 big thing | 170g |
| Grapefruit B | 1/2 pieces, large | 170g |
| Pear B | 1 piece, average | 90 g |
| Melon in | 1 piece | 100 g |
| Blackberry | 8 tbsp. spoons | 140g |
| Figs B | 1 piece | 80 g |
| Kiwi B | 1 piece, large | 110 g |
| Strawberry | 10 pieces, medium | 160 g |
| Gooseberry | 6 tbsp. spoons | 120g |
| Raspberries | 8 tbsp. spoons | 150 g |
| Mango B | 1 small | 110 g |
| Mandarins B | 2-3 pieces, medium | 150 g |
| Peach b | 1 piece, large | 120g |
| Plums B | 4 pieces, medium | 90 g |
| Currant | 7 tbsp. spoons | 140g |
| Persimmon B | 1 piece, average | 70 g |
| Blueberry, black currant | 7 tbsp. spoons | 140g |
| Apple In | 1 piece, average | 90 g |
| B - with bones and skin. Freshly made fruit juices are counted as appropriate fruit varieties. About 100 ml of juice (no added sugar, 100% natural juice) contains about 1 XE. 6 - 8 tablespoons of berries ( raspberries , currants, and so on), on average, correspond to 1 cup (1 cup) of these berries. About 20 g of dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, raisins, figs) contain about 1 XE. | ||
| Milk and liquid dairy products | 1 XE = ... | |
| Milk | 1 cup | 200 ml |
| Kefir | 1 cup | 200 ml |
| Cream | 1 cup | 200 ml |
| Other products | 1 XE = ... | |
| Kvass | 1 cup | 200 ml |
| Coca Cola | 1/2 cup | 100 ml |
| Ice cream | 1 portion (without cup) | 65 g |
| Granulated sugar | 1 tbsp. spoon without a slide | 10 g |
| Rafinated sugar | 1 piece | 10 g |
| Green pea | 7 tbsp. spoons | 100 g |
Notes:
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See also
- Diet therapy of diabetes
- Self-control in diabetes