Ly (new letter: ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ, [tai˥˩lɯ˩]; Chinese ex. 傣 仂 , pinyin : dăilè ; Thai. ไท ลื้อ , Thai ; Vietnamese Lự ; Thai, Thai, may also be called in Russian literature Lu [1] [2] or liu [3] ) is the Thai people in East and Southeast Asia . The total number is more than 600 thousand people. It is among the 54 officially recognized peoples of Vietnam . In China, dai are included in the nationality.
| Ly | |
|---|---|
| Abundance and area | |
| Total: more than 600 thousand | |
 China : 250,000 (1990)  Myanmar : 200,000 (1981)  Laos : 134,100 (2000)  Thailand : 83,000 (2001)  Vietnam : 4964 (1999) | |
| Language | ly |
| Religion | animism , buddhism |
| Included in | thai peoples |
Content
- 1 Resettlement and abundance
- 2 Language
- 3 Traditional lifestyle
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
Resettlement and numbers
They live in China - in Xishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Region of Yunnan province (250 thousand people, 1990), in Myanmar - in the Ketung region of Shang state (200 thousand people, 1981), Laos - in the west of Phongsali province, as well as in Luang Namtha provinces , Bokeo , Udomsay , Sainyabuli , Luang Prabang (134,100 people, 2000), in Thailand (83 thousand people, 2001) - mainly in the north , in the provinces of Chiang Rai , Phayau , Lamphun , Nan , in addition, a small number of people live in Southern Thailand , [2] as well as in Vietnam in Laityau Province (4964 people, 1999 census of the year). [four]
Language
They speak the language of the south-western subgroup of the Thai group . 50% of Chinese people are monolingual, the rest speak Chinese or Jingpo as the second, and Thai speak the Yuan language . In China and Thailand is used by all segments of the population. In China, newspapers and magazines are published on it, and radio and television broadcasts are conducted. [four]
Ly - the old language, so-called. Lala's old letter , close to Lanna's , has been in use since around the beginning of the 13th century . In the 1950s , a new letter was developed in China, which they tried to put into circulation between 1950 and 1980 . However, the written reform has not received support among the population and at present the area of use of the new letter is limited to street signs, and very few can read it. [5]
Traditional Lifestyle
The main occupation is irrigated agriculture (glutinous rice, vegetables), horse breeding . Crafts are developed - pottery, weaving, etc. They are famous for women's scarves, which were also made for the Lao royal court.
The traditional social organization is characterized by small patrilocal families, while patrilinearity is combined in some places with remnants of matrilinealism . The division into totemic endogamous groups has been preserved.
Traditional swing clothing. Women wear skirts of dark blue, decorated with colorful stripes and short sweatshirts , girls - also red turbans . Tattoos are common among both sexes.
Rectangular frame pile dwellings with thatched roofs are characteristic.
Believers - Buddhists ( Theravada ) or adhere to traditional beliefs, including animism , the cult of their ancestors . One of the main holidays - New Year is celebrated in April.
Notes
- ↑ Ivanova E.V. Thai peoples of Thailand. - M: Nauka, 1970 .-- S. 45 .-- 248 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Ethnic processes in the countries of Southeast Asia. - M: Nauka, 1974. - S. 256. - 320 p.
- ↑ Peoples of Southeast Asia / ed. A. A. Gruber, Yu. V. Maretin, D. D. Tumarkin, N. N. Cheboksarov. - M: Nauka, 1966 .-- S. 282. - 764 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Language in Ethnologue. Languages of the World .
- ↑ New letter to Omniglot
Literature
- Chesnov Ya. V. Ly // Peoples and religions of the world / Chapters. ed. V.A. Tishkov . M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1999. 593 p.
- Morev L. N. Language ly. / Languages of the peoples of Asia and Africa. M .: Nauka, 1978