Mukhorshibir district

The Mukhorshibir district, with an area of ​​4.5 thousand km², is located in the southern part of Buryatia. It occupies the Tugnuisk-Sukharinsky Depression with flat-undulating steppes irrigated by the Tugnuy and Sukhara rivers and their tributaries. The climate is sharply continental, with cold, long winters and short hot summers.

In the south, along the Zagan ridge, the district borders on the Bichursky district . In the north, the Tsagan-Daban ridge is separated from the Tarbagatai and Zaigraevsky regions. In the west, in the floodplain of the Khilok River, it borders with the Selenginsky district , in the east (in the upper reaches of the Tugnuy River ) - with the Trans-Baikal Territory . According to the natural economic zoning of the republic, the Mukhorshibir district belongs to the steppe and forest-steppe zones.

The Mukhorshibir Aymak of the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on September 26, 1927.

On February 1, 1963, the Bichur aimak was included in the Mukhorshibir aimag ^[2] .

On January 11, 1965, the Mukhorshibirsky aimak was restored within the borders of 1963, with the Bichur aimak being separated from its borders ^[2] .

In October 1977, the Mukhorshibir Aimak of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Mukhorshibirsky District.

September 26, 1927 by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Verkhneudinsky Uyezd, the Mukhorshibir volost was formed. Later, after the abolition of volosts and khoshuns, aimaks were formed, including Mukhorshibirsky.

On October 8, 1927, the first Mukhorshibir Aymach Congress of Soviets was held, which was attended by 36 delegates with a casting vote from the 33,000th population. By social status, all peasants, including 11 poor and 25 middle peasants. The delegates elected an executive committee of 17 people, and the Presidium of the Aymachny Executive Committee, consisting of Chairman Startsev Georgy Petrovich, his Deputy Dondubon Tsyrenzhap, Secretary Anosov Osip Ivanovich, was elected at its organizational Plenum.

The path traveled by the district over 90 years was not easy. These are the years of industrialization, collectivization, military and post-war hard times, the years of restoration of the national economy. The beginning of the creation of collective farms was laid by the rural peasant mutual assistance committees - the krestkoms.

As of April 1, 1928, there were 28 of them. In addition to the cross-committees, partnerships for joint land cultivation — TOZs — were organized in the region. Mass collectivization began in 1930-1931. In the organization of collective farms, a significant role was played by 25 thousanders. Along with collectivization, industrialization was in full swing in the country. Her brainchild in 1932 was the Honkholoy and Gasheys MTS. In subsequent years, the names of the Stakhanovites, labor shock workers who worked in the MTS, Lygden Tsyrenov, Alexander Varfolomeev were well known in the region and the republic. For successful work to strengthen and develop the agriculture of the region, the staff of the Honholoy MTS was awarded the Badge of Honor. Agriculture was on the rise. There are farms with millions of profits in their current accounts.

In 1981, the richest coal deposits (part of the Olon-Sibirsky deposit) were explored in the Tugnui Valley, and after 4 years the first builders arrived to erect a mining enterprise near the Tugnuisky open pit and the working village with it.

In 1989, the first coal was mined in Sagan Nur. With the development of the Tugnuisky coal mine, the district became industrial and agricultural.

According to the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia , the population will be ^[11] :

• 2024 - 22.6 thousand people.
• 2035 - 21.56 thousand people.

In Mukhorshibir district, 29 settlements as part of 16 rural settlements:

The socio-economic development of the region over a 5-year period. The industrial enterprises of the region doubled the volume of production of their products and achieved growth by 266% by 2012. The main share of industrial products is produced by the collective of Razrez Tugnuisky JSC. Since 1989, the Tugnuisk open pit has been producing coal from the Olon-Shibirsky deposit. During the operation, more than 156 million tons of coal was obtained, which by its characteristics is one of the highest quality in Eastern Siberia and is in steady demand, both in the domestic and foreign markets. The annual production volume is 12.5-13.5 million tons. The Tugnuisk processing plant operating at the open pit processes more than 12 million tons of coal per year. In 2016, the miners of the Tugnuisky open pit produced the first million tons of coal from the mountain section of the Nikolskoye deposit. This coal deposit is located in the territories of Petrovsk - Zabaykalsky district of the Zabaykalsky Territory and Mukhorshibirsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. Industrial reserves of the Nikolskoye deposit amount to 270 million tons of coal, most of which is in the territory of Buryatia - 173.5 million tons. In food and processing enterprises, production volumes increased 4.2 times and amounted to 84.9 million rubles. In the SEC “Kolkhoz Iskra” a modern slaughterhouse has been launched, a milk processing line has been acquired and launched.

The range of fermented milk products: pasteurized milk, kefir, fermented baked milk, baked milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, butter, as well as a wide range of semi-finished meat products.

In the agrarian sector of the region, 6 agricultural enterprises, 45 peasant farms and private households, and 3840 private household farms are engaged in agricultural production. The main directions of development of agricultural enterprises of the region is the production of grain, milk, meat, vegetables. The volume of agricultural production in the farms of the region is more than one billion rubles per year. Provision of agricultural products of own production to residents of the region is:

• Potatoes - 568.4%
• Milk - 76%
• Meat-207.7%
• Vegetables-141%

With the development of a market economy, entrepreneurship occupies an increasingly large niche in economic development. In the field of small business, 129 small enterprises and 438 individual entrepreneurs operate. The largest share of the total number of business entities is held by small businesses that operate in the field of trade, public catering and household services. An important sector of the economy is the consumer market. 228 retailers and 23 catering establishments provide retail services to the population. The district's retail trade is also represented by large enterprises of the modern trading network “Titan”, “Baris”, there are 2 social stores in 2 settlements. Today, the region’s economy is developing at a dynamic pace, new jobs are being created, the area of ​​cultivated fallow lands is being increased, new modern resource-saving technologies are being used, and the investment climate is improving. The main asset of the land of Mukhorshibir is and will be people of labor. The Mukhorshibir district lives and develops in all sectors of the economy.

The P258 Baikal federal highway and two regional roads - P441 Mukhorshibir - Bichura - Kyakhta and 03K-006 Ulan-Ude - Tarbagatai - Okino-Klyuchi pass through the Mukhorshibir district. Passenger communication with the administrative center of the district and the capital of the republic is provided by buses and minibuses.

Historic-Cultural Attractions

• The house-museum of I.K. Kalashnikov in the village of Sharaldai .
• St. Nicholas Church in the village of Mukhorshibir ( ROC ). ^[13]
• Intercession Church in the village of New Zagan ( RDC ). ^[14]
• Tugnui datsan. The Tugnui-Galtai datsan (the Tibetan name is “Dashi Choinhorling”) is located in the Ulitsa Kharyastka . Refers to the Buddhist traditional sangha of Russia . Registered in 2000. The Tugno-Galtai datsan was approved by the decree of the Irkutsk Governor-General of March 12, 1773. It was originally built in the Galtai area of ​​the Khorinsky department of the Verkhneudinsky district with public funds. In 1842, 38 lamas served in the datsan, 8 khorinsky clans originally belonged to the datsan, but with the appearance of the Khokhurtai and Tsolginsky datsans, 5 clans remained. In 1934, the datsan was destroyed to the ground. Revived by the method of building people. Twice a month there are khurals.

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  House Museum of Isai Kalashnikov

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  Monument to Isai Kalashnikov

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  St. Nicholas Church in Mukhorshibir

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  Church of the Intercession in the village New Zagan

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  Tugnuisky reserve

Natural Attractions

Protected Areas

• Altachi Reserve .
• Tugnuisky reserve .

• The official server of state authorities of the Republic of Buryatia. Mukhorshibirsky municipal district
• Cultural map of Buryatia - Mukhorshibir district (inaccessible link from 10-07-2016 [1143 days])