Timeline of information and communication technologies
From ancient times to the end of the 20th century
Fragment of stele No. 31664 from the Field Museum of Natural History with hieroglyphs.
Chester F. Carlson, inventor of Xerox.
An approximate graphic depiction of the connections between the networks of the Internet.
- Dating not established - music and human speech appeared
- Until 3500 BC e. - Information by ancient tribes was transmitted using pictures
- 35th century BC e. - Writing appeared: cuneiform writing arose in Sumer , and the Egyptians came up with hieroglyphs
- 1500s BC e. - The alphabet appeared in Phenicia
- 26-37 - The Roman emperor Tiberius ruled the empire from the island of Capri, transmitting signal messages using metal mirrors reflecting the sun
- 105 - Tsai Lun invented paper
- 600s - In the Hindu-Malay Empire, official documents were written on copper plates, in other cases, more perishable materials were used for writing
- 751 - Paper enters the Islamic world after the Battle of Talas
- 794 - First paper mill built by Islamic engineers in Baghdad , Iraq
- 1040s - Bi Sheng made the first movable letters .
- 1450 - Johannes Gutenberg made a printing press and developed a dialing system using metal moving letters
- 1520 - Magellan's ships honored each other by firing cannons and raising signal flags
- 1793 - Claude Schapp builds the first long semaphore line
- 1831 - Joseph Henry proposes and builds an electric telegraph
- 1835 - Samuel Morse develops Morse code
- 1843 - Samuel Morse builds the first long telegraph line
- 1844 - produces wood pulp paper by removing paper from rags that has found limited use
- 1849 - The Associated Press establishes a Nova Scotia affiliate to expedite news delivery from Europe to New York newspapers.
- 1876 - Alexander Bell and Thomas Augustus Watson exhibit an electric telephone in Boston .
- 1877 - Thomas Edison patents a phonograph .
- 1889 - Almon Strouger patents direct telephone communications.
- 1900: Reginald Fessenden made his first radio broadcast.
- 1901 - Guglielmo Marconi transmits a radio signal from Cornwall to Newfoundland across the Atlantic Ocean .
- 1919 - The first licensed KDKA AM radio station began operating in Pennsylvania , USA .
- 1925 - John Baird broadcast the first television signal.
- 1942 - Hedy Lamarr and George Anteyle invented pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency when transmitting a radio signal.
- 1947 - Douglas Ring and Ray Young of Bell Labs proposed a network that subsequently led to the creation of cellular communications .
- 1949 - Claude Shannon , “the father of information theory, ” proved Kotelnikov’s theorem .
- 1958 - Chester Carlson introduced the first photocopy machine suitable for office use.
- 1963 - The first geostationary communications satellite is launched, 17 years after an article by Arthur Clark .
- 1964 - AT&T launches video telephones .
- 1966 - Charles Kao realizes that a silicon dioxide -based optical waveguide is a practical way of transmitting light through total internal reflection .
- 1967 - Ted Nelson and developed hypertext .
- 1969 - The first hosts of ARPANET , the predecessor of the Internet , are launched.
- 1971 - Ray Tomlinson designed and started applying email .
- 1971 - Erna Schneider Hoover invented programmable priority switching of telephone communication channels.
- 1977 - Donald Knuth began developing the first TeX computer layout system .
- 1986 - Spam first appeared on Usenet .
- 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cayo at CERN developed a prototype system that over time evolved into the World Wide Web .
- 1994 - Wiki technology developed: Ward Cunningham .
- 1994 - The Internet2 Consortium is created.
- 1997 - Blogs (online diaries) appeared.
- In the late 1990s: Web conferencing began .
Links
- The Joseph Henry Papers Project
- Nobel Prize Laureates. Guglielmo Marconi
- John Baird Biography (Russian)
- Walters R. Spread spectrum: Hedy Lamarr and the mobile phone. - Great Britain: BookSurge, 2005.
- Mobile communications from Ericsson to Cooper .
- Biography of Hoover from IEEE
- Donald Knut . All about TEX = The TEXBook. - M .: "Williams" , 2003. - S. 560. - ISBN 5-8459-0382-3 .
- Tim Berners-Lee Historical Proposal for CERN
- Official site of the Internet2 consortium