# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
Content
A
An adatom is an atom on the surface of a crystal.
The adiabatic approximation is an approximation in the theory of a solid, in which the motion of the cores of the ions of the crystal lattice is considered as a perturbation. See phonons.
Adiabatic transport
Acoustic phonon
Acceptor - an impurity in a semiconductor material that traps a free electron
Acceptor trap
Amorphous bodies
Anisotropy
ATOM is the smallest particle of a chemical element that is the carrier of its chemical properties. A. consists of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons moving in the Coulomb field of the nucleus (described by the laws of quantum mechanics). The size of A. is about 10 -10 m, the binding energy of external electrons in A. is about 10 eV.
B
Ballistic transistor
Schottky barrier - potential barrier arising at the metal - semiconductor interface
Non-radiative recombination - recombination without emission of light quanta. The energy transfer of the electron – hole pair occurs either to lattice vibrations (phonons) or to the third particle ( Auger recombination ).
A gapless semiconductor is a zero-band gap semiconductor.
Binary compounds are chemicals formed by two chemical elements.
In
The valence band - the zone of valence electrons, at zero temperature in its own semiconductor is completely filled.
The current-voltage characteristic is the dependence of current on voltage. The main characteristic for any semiconductor device.
G
Gallium is an element of the fifth group of the periodic system of elements.
Galvanomagnetic effects - effects associated with the action of a magnetic field on the electrical (galvanic) properties of solid-state conductors.
D
Two-dimensional electron gas is an electron gas that is located in a potential well that restricts movement along one of the coordinates.
Crystal defects - any violation of the periodicity of the crystal.
Divacancy is a conglomerate of crystal defects consisting of two vacancies.
A diode is a semiconductor device with two electrodes.
- Schottky diode
- Diode on pn junction
- Gunn Diodes
Dislocation is a linear defect in the crystal.
The mismatch dislocation is one of the types of linear defects in the crystal when an additional half-plane is inserted into the crystal lattice.
A donor is a type of dopant that supplies free electrons.
A hole is a quasiparticle in a solid with a positive charge equal in absolute value to the charge of an electron.
Hole conductivity - in a p-type semiconductor, the main charge carriers make the main contribution to the conductivity.
Hole semiconductor - p-type semiconductor, the main charge carriers are holes.
A two-valley semiconductor is a semiconductor whose conduction band has two energy minima.
3
The law of dispersion - The dependence of energy on a quasi-wave vector . In a semiconductor with a parabolic dispersion law, the effective mass is independent of energy.
The gate is a control electrode in a field effect transistor.
A zone is a term of the band theory that denotes the range of allowed energy values that can be received by electrons or holes.
The band theory of solids is a one-electron theory for a periodic potential that explains many of the electrophysical properties of semiconductors. Uses adiabatic approximation.
And
Radiative recombination - recombination with the emission of one or more photons upon the death of an electron-hole pair; radiation source in LEDs and laser diodes.
Injection is a phenomenon that leads to the appearance of nonequilibrium carriers in a semiconductor when an electric current is passed through a pn junction or heterojunction.
Source - A term that designates one of the contacts in a field effect transistor.
To
L
Mechanical movement - a change over time in the position of the body relative to other bodies.
H
Minor carriers magnetic field
About
Auger recombination
Optical transitions are transitions of an electron in a solid between states with different energies with the emission or absorption of light.
Optical phon
The main carriers are the type of charge carriers prevailing in a semiconductor.
P
Parabolic dispersion law - in semiconductors with a parabolic dispersion law, one can introduce a mass that differs from the rest mass of an electron. In this case, a particle moving in a crystalline potential does not notice it and behaves like a free particle.
Metal Dielectric Transition
Density of states
Mobility
Polycrystal
Impurities are foreign atoms in a pure material.
Impurity band - a band that is formed upon strong doping of a semiconductor, when the wave functions of electrons of neighboring impurities overlap.
Piezoelectric crystals
Piezoelectric effect
P
Acoustic phonon scattering
Optical phonon scattering
Recombination - the death of an electron-hole pair.
Relaxation
C
Bose - Einstein statistics
Statistics Fermi - Dirac
The drain is one of the contacts in the field effect transistor.
T
Effective mass tensor
Thermalization is the process of establishing thermodynamic equilibrium for minority charge carriers.
Thermal-galvanomagnetic effects - effects that occur under the influence of a magnetic field in the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of conductors.
Heat capacity of a solid
Point defects or zero-dimensional defects are crystal defects in which the periodicity of the potential is violated only locally.
Solid solutions
Heavy holes
U
The Fermi level is the energy level that, at an absolute zero of temperatures, separates completely filled quantum states from completely unoccupied states.
F
Phonon - A quasiparticle, a quantum of vibrational motion of crystal atoms.
Photoconductivity - the conductivity of a semiconductor when exposed to light. Provides information about defects in semiconductors.
X
C
Прав
The band gap , E g is one of the main electrophysical characteristics of a semiconductor. The difference between the energy of the bottom of the conduction band and the ceiling of the valence band .
Wide-gap semiconductors - semiconductors with a band gap of 1 eV <E g <3 eV
E
An exciton is a quasiparticle in a solid, a bound state of an electron and a hole. It has a limited lifetime.
An electron is a quasiparticle in a solid with an electron charge, but with an excellent mass.
Electronic affinity is the energy released when one electron is attached to a solid. For metals, it coincides with the thermodynamic work function , for semiconductors it differs from it by the value of E С -E F , since the attached electron falls to the bottom of the conduction band .
An electronic semiconductor is an n-type semiconductor, where the main carriers are electrons.
Aaronov-Bohm effect
Gann effect - periodic current oscillations in two-valley semiconductors
Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
Effect of Riga - Leduc
The Hall effect is the appearance of a transverse potential difference when a current flows in an external magnetic field.
- Classical Hall Effect ;
- The quantum Hall effect is the effect observed in a two-dimensional electron gas .
The Shubnikov - de Haas effect - magnetoresistance oscillations periodic in the inverse magnetic field.
Ettingshausen effect
The effective mass is the renormalized mass of the electron in the crystal lattice. Applicable to semiconductors with a parabolic dispersion law. For different allowed zones, the effective mass of quasiparticles varies, therefore, heavy and light holes appear. In the general case, the mass needed depends on the direction in the crystal and one speaks of the effective mass tensor.