Martin Smigletsky ( Martin Smigelsky ; Latin Martinus Smiglecius , Polish Marcin Śmiglecki ; 11.11.1563, according to other sources 1562 [1] or 1572 [2] , Lviv - 07.26.1618, Kalisz ) - a Polish theologian and philosopher, known in his a polemicist of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , a teacher at the Jesuit colleges and one of the most prominent professors of the Vilnius Jesuit Academy .
| Martin Smigletsky | |
|---|---|
| Marcin Śmiglecki | |
| Date of Birth | November 11, 1563 |
| Place of Birth | Lviv |
| Date of death | July 26, 1618 (54 years old) |
| Place of death | Kalisz |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | theology philosophy |
| Place of work | University of Vilnius |
| Alma mater | University of Vilnius |
Content
Biography
A Ukrainian by birth [3] , at least a native of Lviv , was educated at the Academy and University of the Vilna Society of Jesus , where he was awarded a master 's degree in theology. In 1581, in Rome , where he continued his studies, he entered the Jesuit Order . He studied philosophy ( 1582 - 1584 ) and theology ( 1584 - 1586 ) under the leadership of Francisco Suarez and Roberto Bellarmino . Upon his return, he taught philosophy at the Vilnius Jesuit Academy ( 1586 - 1590 ) and scholastic theology ( 1591 - 1599 ). He received a doctorate in theology ( 1594 ).
He was the rector of Jesuit educational institutions in Pultusk ( 1600 - 1602 ), Poznan ( 1602 - 1607 ), Kalisz ( 1609 - 1611 ). He participated in the sixth and seventh General Congregations of the Order of the Jesuits in Rome ( 1608 , 1615 ).
A clay urn with the ashes of Smigletsky was discovered in 1856 under a large altar in a Calish farn church. The entire alphabet (a symbol of learning) was written out on the urn and the inscription Martinus Smiglesius AD 1619 was read.
Activities
Opponent of Arianism , fought with him in numerous public disputes and many works. The January 1594 dispute between Smigletsky and Jan Namyslovsky and Josef Domanevsky is widely known. Polemic writings directed against Arianism ( anti-Trinitarians , Socianism , “Polish brothers”, “Lithuanian brothers”) were written in Polish and Latin and at one time were highly valued by figures of the Catholic Church. The skill with which the oral polemic was conducted confirms, for example, that in a dispute with the Arians on January 24–25, 1594, Faust Sotsin himself admitted that he won a complete victory, and as a result, a dozen noblemen moved away from Arianism [4] .
Based on his lectures given at the Vilnius Academy, he wrote a two-volume treatise “Logica” ( „Logica ... selectis disputationibus et questionibus illustrata ... in qua quicquid in Aristotelico Organo vel cognitu necessarium, vel obscuritate perplexum ... pertractatur ...“ , Ingolstadt , 1618 ). In this course of logic, Smigelsky, relying on Thomas Aquinas , commented and analyzed the "Logic" of Aristotle . The work was very famous; For a long time the treatise was considered the best and was the most popular textbook of logic in Western Europe, especially in England , where it was used until the middle of the 19th century . “Logic” was reprinted three times in Oxford ( 1634 , 1638 , 1658 ) [5] . It is often mentioned that Daniel Defoe was examined by this textbook [6] .
The work “On usurious interest” ( “O lichwie” , Vilna, 1596), written in Polish and designed for a fairly wide range of readers, can be attributed to economics. In this work, in particular, serfdom was seen as a relic of slavery , incompatible with Christian morality [7] . The book analyzed the mechanism of usurious interest and their size; Applying the postulates of the Middle Ages to the features of contemporary economic development, Smigletsky at the same time revised the original principles. Therefore, he can be called the representative of a new economic thought; for example, the author of the treatise opposed the restrictions on trade, the monopoly on certain types of activities. In general, it was proved that usury is not permissible according to the laws of God, church and nature. The work has been reprinted repeatedly, at least seven times, of which five during the life of Smigletsky, in Krakow .
After his death, published Przestrogi do sumienia należące od jednego milośnika ojczyzny wydane ( 1632 ).
Proceedings
- O bóstwie przedwiecznym Syna Bożego. Wilno, 1595.
- O lichwie y trzech przednieyszych kontrakciech: wyderkowym, czynszowym, y Towarzystwa kupieckiego, nauka krotka. Wilno, 1596
- Nodus Gordius, seu de vocatione ministrorum disputatio. Krakow, 1609
- Vana sine viribus ira ministrorum evangelicorum. Köln, 1611
- Nova monstra novi Arianismi seu absurdae haereses a novis Arianis in Poloniam importatae ... refutatae. 1612
- Verbum caro factum. Krakow, 1613.
- De baptismo adversus Hieronymus Moscorovium Adrianum liber unus. Krakow 1615
- De Christo vero et naturali Dei filio ... libri duo. Krakow, 1615
- De erroribus novorum Arianorum libri duo. Krakow, 1615
- De ordinatione sacerdotum in ecclesia romana, adversus J. Zaborovii ... dissertationem. Krakow 1617
- Logica selectis disputationibus et quaestionibus illustrata. 1618
Notes
- ↑ Smigelsky, Martin // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Ad. Ch. Śmiglecki Marcin // Encyklopedia Powszechna. - Warszawa: S. Orgelbrand, 1866. - T. 26: Saski błękit - Starowiercy. - S. 712. - 792 p. (polish)
- ↑ Lazutka S. Foundation of Vilnius University and its activities before the start of bourgeois reforms (1579-1773) // History of Vilnius University, 1579-1979 / rev. ed. C. Lazutka. - Vilnius: Moxlas, 1979. - S. 21. - 373 p. - 10,000 copies.
- ↑ Jovaiša L. Katalikiškoji reforma // Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos kultūra: Tyrinėjimai ir vaizdai / sud. Vytautas Ališauskas ir kt .. - Vilnius: Aidas, 2001 .-- S. 257. - 860 p. - ISBN 9955-445-26-2 . (lit.)
- ↑ Ulčinaitė E. Lotyniškoji literatūra // Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos kultūra: Tyrinėjimai ir vaizdai / sud. Vytautas Ališauskas ir kt .. - Vilnius: Aidas, 2001 .-- S. 257. - 860 p. - ISBN 9955-445-26-2 . (lit.)
- ↑ Bumblauskas A. Senosios Lietuvos istorija, 1009-1795. - Vilnius: R. Paknio leidykla, 2005 .-- S. 363. - 488 p. - ISBN 9986-830-89-3 . (lit.)
- ↑ Lazutka S. Foundation of Vilnius University and its activities before the start of bourgeois reforms (1579-1773) // History of Vilnius University, 1579-1979 / rev. ed. C. Lazutka. - Vilnius: Moxlas, 1979.- S. 37 .-- 373 p. - 10,000 copies.
Links
- Smigelsky, Martin // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Smiglecki Marcin (Fr.)
Literature
- Ad. Ch. Śmiglecki Marcin // Encyklopedia Powszechna. - Warszawa: S. Orgelbrand, 1866. - T. 26: Saski błękit - Starowiercy. - S. 712-714. - 792 p. (polish)
- Mazoўka N. Smіgletskі Martsіn // Vyalikae of the Principality of Lithuania: Encyclapedia . At 2 t / gal. red G.P. Pashkoў. - Minsk: Belarusian Entsyklapedyya, 2006. - T. 2: K - Ya. - S. 603-604. - 792 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 985-11-378-0. (belor.)