Historical area

The historical field is a concept adopted in ethnography , history , cultural studies for a territory historically, as a rule, constituting political unity and, due to this, is now characterized by certain common features in culture , ethnography, language , and self-awareness of the local and surrounding population.

The allocation of historical areas to varying degrees is characteristic of different countries and regions . For example, in Russia it is not customary to distinguish historical regions, in some countries (especially in Europe ) historical regions are officially fixed, and sometimes they form the basis of modern administrative-territorial divisions ( Georgia , Latvia , Spain , Italy , Germany ).

In addition, historical regions of different historical origin can be layered on the same territory - those that developed in ancient times, the early Middle Ages, and the late Middle Ages.

The most common allocation of historical areas is one level smaller than a country (that is, those into which countries are divided). They can be combined into units of a higher level, corresponding in size to individual countries, but far from always coinciding with modern states . Those, in turn, are united in even larger regions, often no longer recognized at the household level and identified in the course of special studies.

Content

Division of the World into Historical Regions

(based on classification by historical and cultural areas (IKO))

Many of the areas listed below overlap.

Europe

Northern Europe
- Scandinavia
- Finland
  - Lapland
  - Karelia
- The Baltic states
  - Livonia
  - Lithuania
    - Zukia
    - Aukstaytiya
    - Jemaitia
    - Suwalkia
    - Little Lithuania
Western , Central and Southern Europe
- British islands
  - England , Connacht , Leinster , Munster , Ulster , Wales , Scotland
- Germany
  - Alemania , Bavaria , Westphalia , Saxony , Franconia , Swabia
- Benelux (~ historical Netherlands )
- Gaul
- France
  - Aquitaine , Brittany , Burgundy , Ильle-de-France , Languedoc , Limousin , Lorraine , Normandy , Auvergne , Picardy , Provence , Poitou , Champagne , Alsace
- Iberian Peninsula (Iberia)
- Spain
  - Andalusia , Aragon , Asturias , Valencia , Galicia , Cantabria , Catalonia , La Mancha , Leon , Murcia , Navarra , Castilla la Vieja , Castilla la Nueva , Basque Country , Extremadura
- Portugal
- Italy
  - Abruzzo , Apulia , Basilicata , Valle d'Aosta , Calabria , Campania , Lazio , Liguria , Lombardy , Marche , Molise , Piedmont , Tuscany , Trentino - Alto Adige , Umbria
- Alpine region
  - Switzerland
  - Austria
- Poland
  - Mazovia , Greater Poland , Lesser Poland , Pomerania
- Silesia
- Czech
  - Bohemia , Moravia
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- Romania
  - Bessarabia , Wallachia , Moldova , Transylvania , Banat , Southern Bukovina , Dobrogea , Crisana , Maramures , Muntenia , Oltenia
- Balkans
  - Illyria
- Greece
  - Argolis
  - Arcadia
  - Attica
  - Achaea
  - Bootia
  - Laconic
  - Macedonia
  - Messiah
  - Thessaly
  - Phocis
  - Thrace
  - Phthiotide
  - Elida
  - Epirus
  - Aetolia
Eastern Europe
- Russia
  - Ukraine
    - Wild field
    - Dnieper
    - Volhynia
    - Galicia
    - Transcarpathia
    - Hutsul , Boykovschina and Lemkovschina
    - Bukovina
    - Transnistria
    - Skirts
    - Slobozhanshchina
    - Bessarabia and Bujak
    - Crimea (historical area)
    - Pure Russia
  - Northwest Russia
    - Novgorod land
    - Pskov land
    - Pomorie
    - Naravarye
    - Ingermanland
      - Izhora land
      - Votskaya land
      - Estonian Ingermanland
  - North-Eastern Russia
    - Volga-Oka interfluve
    - Smolensk land
    - Ryazan land
  - Belarus
    - Polesie
    - Krivia
    - Podlasie
  - Wild Field ( South Russian steppes )
  - New Russia
    - Azov region
- North Caucasus
- Volga region (including the Kama region)
  - Lower Volga
  - Prikamye
- Bashkortostan
- Perm land

Asia

(approximately clockwise)

North Asia (~ Siberia )
- South siberia
  - Altai
  - Sayans
  - Tuva
  - Buryatia
- Western Siberia
- Eastern Siberia
  - Taimyr
  - Evenkia
  - Yakutia
- Far East
  - Kolyma
  - Chukotka
  - Kamchatka Peninsula
  - Kuril Islands
  - Sakhalin
  - Amur region
  - Primorye
East Asia
- China itself
- Manchuria
- Korea
- Japan
- Mongolia (historical area)
Southeast Asia
- Indochina (the coastal part of Vietnam is often referred to East Asia)
  - Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Nusantara (insular part, including the Malacca Peninsula)
  - Malacca
  - Big Sunda Islands
  - Philippines
  - Small Sunda Islands
South Asia (~ Hindustan )
- Sri Lanka and the Maldives
- South Hindustan
- Dean
- Indo-Gangetic Plain
- Himalayas
  - Kashmir
Southwest Asia (= Front Asia = West Asia , part of the Middle East )
- Asia Minor (Anatolia)
  - Western Armenia
  - Cilician Armenia
  - Cappadocia
  - Ionia
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus (-> Europe)
    - Abkhazia
  - Transcaucasia
    - Eastern Armenia
    - Georgia
    - Arran
- Fertile crescent moon
  - Levant
  - Mesopotamia
- Arabia
  - Nejd
  - Hijaz
  - South arabia
- Middle East
  - Kurdistan
  - Northern Iran (~ Midia )
  - Farce
  - Khorasan
  - Balochistan
  - Khazarajat
  - Bactria (= Afghan Turkestan )
  - Hindu Kush
  - Pashtunistan (sometimes referred to South Asia)
Central Asia (~ Turkestan + Tibet)
- Kazakhstan
- Turkmenistan
- Khiva (~ Khorezm )
- Maverannahr (~ Sogdiana )
- Ferghana
- Seven Rivers
- Pamir
  - Badakhshan
- Xinjiang ( East Turkestan )
- Tibet
- Mongolia

Africa

North Africa
- Maghrib
  - Atlas
  - Libya
- Sahara
- Ancient Egypt
- Nubia and nubian desert
West Africa and Sudan (not to be confused with the Republic of Sudan )
- West Sudan
  - Atlantic west africa
- Guinea
- Central sudan
  - hausaland
  - Kanem Borno
- East Sudan
  - Darfur
  - Cordofan
Northeast Africa ( Horn of Africa )
- Ethiopia
- Somalia
Central africa
East africa
South Africa
Madagascar and the islands

America

North America
- Alaska
- Canadian Arctic
- Greenland
- Great Pool
- Great Plains
- Great Lakes
Latin America
Mid America (~ Mesoamerica )
- southern mexico
- Central America
- West Indies
  - Greater Antilles
  - Lesser Antilles
South America
- Andes
  - Altiplano
  - Araucania
- Llanos
- Guiana
- Amazonia
- Eastern Brazil (~ Brazilian Plateau )
- Grand Chaco
- La Plata (Pampa)
- Pantanal
- Patagonia

Australia and Oceania (~ Australasia )

Australia and Tasmania
New Guinea
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia

Literature

Andrianov B.V. Historical and Cultural Areas // Peoples of the World. Historical and ethnographic reference. M .: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1988. Pp. 580-585.