Aggression (politics)

The armed attack of one state on another is considered an international crime against the peace and security of mankind. The concept of aggression includes a sign of initiative, means the use of force by any state first. The actions of a state under attack, carried out in self-defense , even with the use of armed force, cannot be considered an act of aggression, as well as collective actions of states undertaken in accordance with the UN Charter to maintain or restore international peace and security. The object of aggression is also usually the state.

The definition of aggression is contained in UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 of December 14, 1974. Acts of aggression are usually divided into direct and indirect:

Direct aggression

Invasion or attack of the armed forces of a state on the territory of another state; any military occupation , even temporary, arising from such an invasion or attack; any annexation (forced accession) of the territory of another state. Direct aggression also includes the bombing or use of weapons against a foreign state; blockade of ports or coasts of the state by the armed forces of another state; an attack by the armed forces of a state on the land, sea or air forces (fleets) of another state; violation of the conditions of military presence established in an international agreement on the territory of another state.

Indirect aggression

The state sending armed gangs and groups, irregular forces or mercenaries who carry out acts of using armed force against another state that are so serious that it is tantamount to acts of direct aggression, or significant participation in such acts.

Acts of complicity in aggression are considered actions of the state, allowing its territory, which it placed at the disposal of another state, to be used by the latter to commit an act of aggression against a third state.

Political aggression is a special case of aggressive social behavior in general.

The causes of aggression have been studied by many researchers. There are significant subjective factors - historical memory, customs of revenge , fanaticism and extremism in some religious movements, propaganda of the image of a strong person, and even individual psychological and ethical features of politicians . Modern civil societies are able to withstand social aggression - the world peace movement consists of millions of protesters against violence by citizens.

The idea that international aggression is a criminal offense has been propagated for quite some time. So, Jean Calvin in his main work, “Admonition in the Christian Faith,” wrote: “And it does not matter who exactly — the monarch or commoner — unlawfully encroaches on foreign territory to commit robberies and murders on it. All people of this kind should be considered robbers and punished as robbers ” ^[2] . However, for a long time in international law, recourse to war, regardless of its goals, has traditionally been regarded as an inalienable right of every state ( jus ad bellum ), as the highest manifestation of its sovereignty in international relations. This right was protected by the whole system of principles and norms of international law. This attitude began to change in the 20th century .

• Intervention
• Humanitarian intervention
• Invasion

• Dolnik V. Homo militaris
• Dolnik V. Ethological tours of the forbidden gardens of the humanities