Swan language (self-name Lushnu Nin , ლუშნუ ნინ) - Svan language, one of the Kartvelian languages.
| Swan language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | ლუშნუ ნინ |
| Country |  Georgia |
| Regions | Svaneti |
| Total number of speakers | 15,000 (2000) [1] |
| Status | |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
| Cartel family | |
| Writing | unwritten |
| Language Codes | |
| GOST 7.75–97 | sah 585 |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | sva |
| WALS | |
| Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| Ethnologue | |
| ELCat | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
Geography
It is distributed in the north-west of Georgia , in the Mestia and Lentekh regions, united in the historical region of Svaneti ; from the beginning of the 20th century until 2008 - also in the Kodori Gorge of the Gulripshsky District of Abkhazia . The total number of speakers is about 15 thousand people (currently almost everything is in Svaneti, until 2008, about 2 thousand people lived in Upper Abkhazia ).
Description
It is divided into four dialects: Verkhnebalsky and Nizhnebalsky (in the Mestia region and the Kodori gorge), Lashkh and Lentekh (in the Lentekh region).
In the Svan language there are many borrowings from the Georgian and Mingrelian languages [3] .
Writing
Svan is considered to be non-written. For linguistic purposes, the Georgian letter is used to write it and Latin is used for linguistic purposes). Attempts to create writing were undertaken in the 19th and 21st centuries. So, in 1864 the Svan alphabet was released in Cyrillic [4] , but the alphabet used in it did not take root:
| but | b | at | g | ҕ | d | e | well | ђ | s | ӡ | h |
| i | ӄ | l | m | n | about | P | ҧ | q | R | with | t |
| ꚋ | at | x | x | c | წ | h | ჭ | w | ѵ |
The Svan alphabet on the Georgian graphic basis contains the following characters [5] :
| ა | ა̈ | ა̄ | ა̄̈ | ბ | გ | დ | ე | ე̄ | ზ | თ | ი |
| ი̄ | კ | ლ | მ | ნ | ჲ | ო | ო̈ | ო̄ | ო̄̈ | პ | ჟ |
| რ | ს | ტ | უ | უ̈ | უ̄ | უ̄̈ | უ̂ | ფ | ქ | ღ | ყ |
| შ | ჩ | ც | ძ | წ | ჭ | ხ | ჴ | ჯ | ჷ | ჷ̄ |
Notes
- ↑ Svan . Ethnologue . Date of treatment September 1, 2019.
- ↑ UNESCO Red Book of Languages
- ↑ Svan language . tapemark.narod.ru. Date of treatment May 4, 2018.
- ↑ Lushnu Anban. Svanetian alphabet. - Tiflis, 1864 .-- 148 p.
- ↑ ვ. თოფურია. სვანური ენის სახელმძღვანელო = A Course of the Svan Language : [ load. ] . - თბილისი, 2008. - S. 15-17.
Literature
- Svan language / Ershler D.A. // Romania - Saint-Jean-de-Luz [Electronic resource]. - 2015. - S. 505-506. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 29). - ISBN 978-5-85270-366-8 .
- Topuria V. Svan language // Yearbook of the Iberian-Caucasian linguistics. XII. - Tbilisi, 1985
- Kevin Tuite , Svan . Université de Montréal. ISBN 3-89586-154-5 .
Links
- Site about the population of the Caucasus
- Dominik K. Cagara. Support and resistance for Svan language activism // Democracy & Freedom Watch. 2015