Nicholas-Uleiminsky Monastery is a convent of the Yaroslavl and Kostroma diocese of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church (ROCC), located in the village of Uleima, Uglich district of the Yaroslavl region, on the banks of the Uleima River, 11 km from Uglich .
| Monastery | |
| Nicholas-Uleiminsky Monastery | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Location | Uleima village, Uglich district , Yaroslavl region |
| Denomination | Orthodoxy ( Old Believers ) |
| Diocese | Yaroslavl and Kostroma |
| Type of | female |
| Established | 1406 year |
| Key dates | |
| 1930 - Closure of the monastery 1992 - Revival of the cloister | |
| Building | |
| St. Nicholas Cathedral with a bell tower • Fortified walls with towers • Vvedensky church with refectory • Trinity Gate Church | |
| Abbot | Mother Superior Olympiad |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 761420107870006 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
The only fully preserved monastery ensemble of the Uglich region and the only large monastery complex administered by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Content
History
According to legend, the monastery was founded in the 15th century by the Rostov monk Varlaam, who brought here the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the Italian city of Bari . In 1469, at the expense of Uglich Prince Andrei Vasilyevich , a wooden chapel was built here in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, a cell for monks and a fence. In 1563, Uglich Prince Yuri Vasilyevich built here a wooden church of the Introduction to the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary . In 1589, the first stone St. Nicholas Cathedral was erected in the monastery.
In the Time of Troubles, the monastery was destroyed by the Poles and Lithuanians in 1609, 1612 and 1619. Within the walls of the monastery, two thousand peasants and monks defended themselves. The last defenders hid from enemies in the walls of St. Nicholas Cathedral, which collapsed as a result of undermining and buried hundreds of people under its walls.
The construction of the new St. Nicholas Cathedral on the basement of the former began in the 1620s, but the cathedral was consecrated only on May 9, 1677 by the Rostov Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich .
In 1707, the noblewoman P. A. Naryshkina handed over to the cathedral a piece of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker brought to Russia by Tsar Peter the Great . In 1713-1717, a gate church was built in the name of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity.
In 1764, during the secularization reform, it received the status of non-staff (that is, did not receive funds from the treasury), but subsequently it remained of great importance and was famous thanks to a particle of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and a revered icon [1] . The temples of the monastery — the cathedral in the name of St. Nicholas, the Vvedenskaya and Trinity churches — were rebuilt several times in the 18th – 19th centuries.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the Nikolo-Uleiminsky Monastery became one of the most noticeable spiritual and cultural centers of the region. He enjoyed great love not only in the surrounding villages, but also among Uglich for the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, for solemn service, for exemplary housekeeping, for the ringing of bells heard in the city. The central bell of the Polyelles weighed 625 pounds [2] . By 1908, the monastery owned 241 tithes and 761 square fathoms of land, there was a water flour mill. A number of donated wastelands were attributed to the monastery: Chistoforova (23 tithes, 1560 square fathoms), Mininskaya (32 tithes), Voronin (20 tithes), Filino (26 tithes), Temnina. In the fence there was a corps of the fraternity with cells, a school and a teahouse, in which pilgrims were received [3] . The monastery owned securities at 41260 rubles, received 711 rubles and 42 kopeks of state support a year, his brotherhood owned 18195 rubles 50 kopecks, and the capital of the monastery school amounted to 400 rubles [3] .
On holidays, service has recently been performed in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, which was connected to the abbot's chambers, where the archimandrite lived. He occupied all the rooms of the second floor, where there was his study, bedroom and sacristy. The vestments were marginal, blue; velvet silver. On Easter, Bengal lights flashed in the temple, a procession was held . For the students in the monastery school they arranged a Christmas tree on which they hung small gifts, which they then distributed to the children [2] .
In 1917, meetings were held in the village of Uleim. Archimandrite Ambrose called upon the faithful: “If the temple closes, I will sound the alarm. Come uphold. ” The last archimandrite of the monastery was Pavel (Chistyakov) [2] .
In 1930, by the decision of the collective farm assembly, the monastery was closed. Church utensils were taken to the museums of Uglich and Yaroslavl [2] .
The Trinity Church was used as a school, storage for grain, a drain point; temples were used both for the prison camp (from 1938), and for the orphanage (in 1941-1957), and for the neuropsychiatric boarding school. In 1941, the roofs were removed from the towers, and the towers were converted into fortifications to repel the enemy. Anti-tank ditches stretch to the northwest, northeast and southeast. All this accelerated the destruction of the monastery. The southeastern tower was half destroyed. In the 1950s, during a thunderstorm, a cross burned down in the bell tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral [2] .
In 1960, restoration of buildings began. The forces of the Uglich restoration site, under the scientific supervision of S. E. Novikov, strengthened the eastern wall and repaired the southern towers. The walls and porch for two exits at the Vvedensky church were restored. Restored ancient platbands with a rare "star" sandrik . The porch of the Trinity Church was repaired, the heads of St. Nicholas Cathedral and the Vvedensky Church were blocked, and gilded crosses were installed over them. The cross was restored on the bell tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral. During this period, the southern aisle of St. Nicholas Cathedral disappeared, the grilles from its windows disappeared, and the painting was showered [2] .
In 1992, the Nikolo-Uleiminsky Monastery was revived as a male monastery of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church (Belokrinitsky consent).
On May 28, 1993, on the day of the 400th anniversary of the death of Tsarevich Dimitry in the St. Nicholas Cathedral, the monastery’s church held a prayer service with a bosan. This was the first service after the closure of the monastery [2] .
Due to the small number of inhabitants in 1998, the monastery was turned into a female monastery.
On August 22, 2009, Metropolitan Cornelius (Titov) led the rite of consecration of the Vvedensky church [4] .
In November 2017, work was completed on the improvement of the territory of the monastery and the construction of the road [5] .
Buildings
The ensemble of the monastery repeats the traditional composition of the monastery complexes of the XVI-XVII centuries. The territory of the monastery, rectangular in plan, is surrounded by a low stone wall with eight different-shaped towers - round, four- and octagonal. In the center are St. Nicholas Cathedral (1677), the refectory with the Vvedensky church (1695), a multi-tiered bell tower. Two gates lead to the monastery - the western, main (Saints) and eastern (Water) [6] .
In the fence there was a stone two-story building for the brethren and the head priest, a two-story stone hotel for pilgrims, a house attached to the left of the Vvedensky church, a wooden house in the farmyard, one stone outbuilding for workers and three wooden, as well as a monastery school [3] . The untouchable capital of the monastery consisted of 81430 rubles [3] .
| A photo | Title | Built | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| St. Nicholas Cathedral | 1589 | The first stone building of the monastery. This squat and heavy five-domed cathedral, close in composition to the temples of Yaroslavl , has a cubic volume with two chapels . At the end of the 19th century, a porch and a bell tower were added to it. St. Nicholas Cathedral was reconstructed in the 1750s, 1852, 1887-1888. In 1862, the cathedral was painted; painting by Petersburg architect F.E. Yegorov in 1897. It had three aisles: the middle one - in the name of St. Nicholas, the left one - in the name of the great martyr Theodore Stratilates , and the right one - in the name of Archangel Gabriel and the Monk Mary of Egypt (arranged at the expense of a benefactor, a merchant from Moscow Maria Alexandrovna Guseva) [3] . | |
| Vvedensky church | XVI — XVII | Built in the 16th century. Rebuilt in 1695. The building includes the refectory of 1563, the abbot and Kelar's chambers, as well as the kitchen, leaven and bread warehouses in the basement . The top and bottom of the church are connected by an internal passageway, and a wonderful “two-shoot” porch is used to enter the living quarters. The Vvedensky church was reconstructed in 1793 and 1863. In 1870, it was painted at the expense of the Kozlov peasants from the Uleyminsk settlement. In 1838, at the expense of the St. Petersburg merchant F. Ya. Ermolaev, a wooden porch was added to the church. The temple was painted in 1863 and reconstructed in 1891. The Vvedensky church has survived to the present day, the rare "star-shaped" sandriks on its facades have been restored in the course of modern restoration work. By 1908, chapels were arranged in it in the name of the Entry into the church of the Mother of God and the holy martyr Blasius (built by a peasant from the village of Butakovo of the Uleiminsky volost Semen Leontyevich Volnukhin) [3] . | |
| Bell tower | end of the 19th century | ||
| Trinity Gate Church | 1713-1717 | Built at the beginning of the XVIII century, and rebuilt with aisles in 1891. By 1908, the church had the thrones of 1) the Holy Trinity, 2) the prophet Elijah and the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Mariamna (arranged by a peasant from the village of Glukhovo, Mariamna Andreevna Kukushkina) and 3) the holy Apostle Philip and St. Basil the Blessed (raised at the expense of the peasant of the village of Gorushka, Ulejminsky volost Filip Dmitri Bobrova and Pelageya Ermilyevna Basarina from the Uleyminsk Slobola) [3] . | |
| Holy gates | |||
| Monastery wall | beginning of the XVIII | At the beginning of the 18th century, stone fortified walls with towers were also completed. The shape of the stone fence was an imitation of the fortress walls of monasteries of the 16th – 17th centuries. | |
| Monastery Towers | beginning of the XVIII |
Rectors
- Archimandrite Ambrose (Kazan) (May 24, 1913 -?)
- Archimandrite Pavel (Chistyakov) (1916-1930)
- Abbess Barsanuphius (Kilina) (1998-2004)
- Abbess Olympics (since 2004)
Literature
- Denisov V.V. Rectors of the Uglich Monasteries (Alekseevsky and Nikolo-Uleiminsky Monasteries). - Uglich, 1997.
- Erokhin V.I. According to Uglich. Guide. - Grand Holding, 2007.
- Nun Libya . Not from this world ... Old Believer site "Russian Faith", 09/14/2015.
- Mukhin O.K. Uglich Nicholas-Uleiminsky Monastery. - Uglich, 2000 .-- 65 p.
Notes
- ↑ Mukhin O.K. Uglichsky Nicholas-Uleiminsky monastery. - Uglich, 2000 .-- 65 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nicholas-Uleiminsky Convent.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Brief information about the monasteries and churches of the Yaroslavl diocese. - Yaroslavl: Printing House of the Provincial Zemstvo Council, 1908. - S. 10-11. - 547 p.
- ↑ Biography of Metropolitan Cornelius.
- ↑ Beautification of the Nikolo-Uleiminsky monastery.
- ↑ Churches and monasteries