Aiyy ( Yakut . Aiyy, Aar Aiyy ) - in the narrow sense of the deity of the traditional religion of the Yakuts (Aar Aiyy iteҕele). According to mythology , Aiyy are residents of the Upper World, progenitors of the Sakha people. It is believed that Aiyy do not accept bloody sacrifices , and therefore they are offered sacrifices of plant origin and dairy products .
In the everyday sense, in the modern Yakut language there is the word Anyy, which is understood as sin, misconduct, or taboo . For example, to step on the grave with your feet is anyy (in the sense, it is impossible). This word should not be confused with "Ayyy".
The main symbol in the teaching of Aiyy is Aal Luuk Mas (Great Giant Tree) - a symbol of the trinity of the world. According to the cosmogony of Aiyy, the world consists of three parts [1] : the Underworld (Allaraa Doydu), where the Abaahs live (simplified - evil spirits), the Middle world (Orto Doydu), where people live, the Upper world (Yөhee Doydu) - the abode of the supreme deities (not always good). Krona Aal Luuk Mas symbolizes the Upper world, the trunk - the Middle world, the roots - the Underground world.
No less interesting is the idea of the soul (kut). According to these ideas, kut consists of 3 parts [2] :
- Iye-kut (mother’s soul) is what is transmitted from parents: traditions, culture.
- Buor-kut (earthly soul) - the material part, the physical body.
- Salgyn-kut (air soul) - intellect, mind, communicative and social component.
Symbols of Aiyy (for example, Aal Luuk Mas) are mandatory for images at the Ysyakh holiday and are regulated by the relevant decrees of the government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). [3]
Content
Pantheon of Deities
- Yuryung Aiyy Toyon (other name Yuryung Toyon Aiyy ) ( Yakut. Үрүҥ Aar Toyon, Үрүҥ Toyon Aiyy ) - the creator of the world, other ayyy , demons of Abasy , ichchi spirits , people , animals and plants . He is the head of heaven and gods. He lives in the ninth sky, which appears to be the most beautiful country, where there is no winter , growing white grass, similar to the wings of a white swan . He is embodied in the images of a white stallion or eagle .
- Dzhyoshegy toyon (other name is Curyuyu Dzёshёgoy Toyon , Dzhesёgoy Ayyy , Kyun Dzhyoshoy or Wardah Dzhyoshoy ) ( Yakut . He lives in the third heaven. He sends people livestock, but can take it back if it gets angry. Helps people to farm , work. Endows a person with strength , talent , skill. He is the eldest of the brothers of the gods.
- Isegei Ieyeehsit ( Yakut. Ihege Ieyeehsit ) - the goddess who endows people with cattle .
- Homporun Hotoy Aiyy (other name is Syung Khaan , Sungken Ereli ) ( Yakut. Homporun Hotoy Aiyy, S үҥ Haan, Sүҥken Ereli ) is the patron god of birds . He is embodied in the image of a dark-gray eagle. He is the father of an eagle and severely punishes the man who killed this bird. He is a minor male god, gives people a large but physically weak offspring, mostly girls , sometimes cattle of the “hara dagyl” color ( Yakut. Hara dagal ).
- Syuge Toyon (other name is Aan Dyaasyn , Dyaa Buurai , Oroy Buurai , Buurai Dokhsun , Wardaah Dyasybyl , Syung Dyaasyn , Surdeeh Kelteech Suguya Buurai Toyon , Сүҥ Дяахын, Сүдеэх Келтэх Сүге Буурай Тойон ) - the god of thunder and lightning . Sometimes he is called the third name in the triad of the supreme creator. Thunder is represented by the clatter of his horse's hooves, and lightning by his ax, with which he smashes evil spirits. In addition, he patronizes cattle , sends people children, foals and calves.
- Ayyysyt ( Yakut. Ayyyhyt ) is a goddess who lives in the eastern sky and descends from there, surrounded by a halo of light, in the form of a richly dressed elderly woman or mare. She appears during childbirth , helps to safely resolve the burden, blesses the child born and leaves the woman in labor on the third day after childbirth. Aiyysyt man is on the side of the rising summer sun . There is also ayysyt of livestock, which is located at the side of the rising winter sun, ayysyt of cattle - underground. In addition, there are ayysyt in other animals.
- Ieyeehsit ( Yakut. Ieyeehsit ) - the goddess-patroness of women . Lives in the eastern sky. Always open to people, cheerful, provocative. Descends to the ground in May . With her return, the foliage begins to turn green, summer begins. Helps people with its magical advice, protects from evil forces, blesses the offspring of cattle. He does not like dirt and untidiness.
- Odun Khaan ( Yakut. Odun Khaan ) - a god who lives in the eighth heaven. Goes down to earth in February . Inventor, helps people build houses, invent new things. Also, is the creator of fate.
- Dyilga Khaan ( Yakut. Dyilkha Khaan ) - one of the gods of fate. Unveils the veil of secrets of their fate.
- Chyngys Khaan ( Yakut. Chynys Khaan ) - the god of fate, living in the seventh heaven. It descends to the ground in December and reigns until mid-February. Echoes with one of the titles of Temuchin - Genghis Khan
- Bilge Khaan ( Yakut. Bilge Khaan ) - the god of knowledge. Lives in the seventh heaven.
- Uigulaan Haan ( Yakut. Uigulaan Haan ) - the god of love. Connects Hearts.
Registration
The traditional faith of Aar Aiyy is an officially registered religion in the Office of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). On January 11, 2014, the Deputy Head of the Department of Justice of the Ministry of Justice for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Alexei Nikiforov handed in documentary evidence of this [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Novikov A.G. Representations of the origin of the Universe in Yakut mythology // Journal "Ilin". - 1991. - No. 3. - 1991.
- ↑ Kulakovsky A.E. Scientific works. - Yakutsk, 1979.- S. 22 .
- ↑ GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKH (YAKUTIA). RESOLUTION of June 3, 2009 No. 241. Archived on March 5, 2016.
- ↑ Aar Aiyy Religion officially recognized after 316 years of ban | SakhaLife Archived on September 3, 2014.
Literature
- Utkin K.D. Sources of Yakut shamanism / Intern. center khomus. (Vargan.) music and others. - Yakutsk: Chast. ed. the company "City", 1994. - 20 p.
See also
- Abasy
- Icchi
- Olonkho
- Yakuts
- Shamanism in Siberia
Links
- About the ancient religion of the Sakha Aar Aiyy ite5ele at SakhaLife Information Portal
- Borisova A. A. (Ph.D., Yakutsk State University ) Aiyy as the initial spiritual and moral concept in Olonkho