Economy of Voronezh

The location of the city near the confluence of the navigable rivers of Voronezh with the Don contributed to the development of trade in Voronezh, which by the middle of the 17th century had reached a large size. Later, new cities appeared in the south of the Russian state . They received the right of duty-free trade and hand-free shredding. This deprived Voronezh of its privileges and dealt a heavy blow to the city trade.

By 1777, in Voronezh, there were 13 salotopennyh plants, 13 cloth factories, 6 factories (leather, candle, sugar, etc. ^[2] .

At the turn of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Voronezh owned 3,827 из acres of land, of which up to 800 acres was under the city, and almost everything else was under the forest .

At the end of the 19th century, urban revenues amounted to 309,385 rubles , the spare city capital was 3,175 rubles. City spending was in 1890 312,627 rubles 28 kopecks . Outside the city there was a debt to the state bank in the amount of 1,010,831 rubles. At that time in Voronezh there were 47 factories and plants. In 1862, the trade turnover of Voronezh exceeded another 3,500,000 rubles. ^[one]

The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were machine building , metalworking, electronic and chemical industries ^[3] .

According to the main indicators of the socio-economic development of the city district, the city of Voronezh for the first quarter of 2009 ^{[4] the} shipment of goods and services in large and medium-sized enterprises amounted to 16,761.6 million rubles. The volume of products of own production shipped by large and medium-sized organizations of the processing industries amounted to 65.3 billion rubles, enterprises producing and distributing electricity, gas and water –15.5 billion rubles. The city’s revenues in 2009 amounted to 12.5 billion rubles, and expenses - 13.3 billion rubles. ^[5] At the beginning of 2011, the Voronezh administration registered the rights to use the name “Capital of the Black Earth Region” for 45 classes of goods and services (according to other sources - 34 ) ^{[6] [7]} . For the other classes of law belong to other Voronezh organizations.

In 2012, Voronezh took 8th place in the quality rating of the urban environment ^[8] , compiled by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation , the Russian Union of Engineers , the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services , the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare , as well as the Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov .

• City budget for 2005 : Revenues - 4.98 billion rubles. Costs - 4.89 billion rubles. ^[9]
• City budget for 2007 : Incomes - 8.5 billion rubles. Costs - 8.2 billion rubles. ^[ten]
• The city budget for 2008 : Revenues - 8.720 billion rubles. Costs - 9.078 billion rubles. ^[eleven]
• City budget for 2009 : Revenues - 12.5 billion rubles. Costs - 13.3 billion rubles. ^[12]

According to the information on the budget performance of the city district, the city of Voronezh 2013 ^[13] revenues amounted to 13,487,968 thousand rubles, and expenses - 14,648,198 thousand rubles. When planning in 2012 revenues - 13 051 169.1 thousand rubles ^[14] , and expenses - 13 158 809.1 thousand rubles ^[14] .

The city has branches of the largest Russian and foreign commercial banks: Alfa-Bank , Svyaz-Bank , BARS Bank, VTB , Gazprombank , PromTransBank, PromSvyazBank, MDM Bank , Rosbank "," Rosgosstrakh Bank "," AB Russia "," Agricultural Bank "," Sberbank of Russia "," Svyaznoy Bank "," Sotsinvestbank "," Raiffeisenbank "," StarBank "," Uglemetbank "," Uralsib (bank) "," UBRD ”“ Uniastrum Bank ”,“ Unicredit Bank ”,“ Otkritie ”, etc.

Under construction centers for various purposes:

• Shopping and entertainment center "Chizhov Gallery Center" (the first phase began operation in October 2009)
• Business center (class A) "Premier"
• Business center (class B) "Gallery Chizhov" (the tallest building in Voronezh)
• Shopping and entertainment complex "Companies NST"
• Shopping and entertainment complex "Grad"

The largest enterprises of the urban district engaged in industrial activities:

• Constellation Concern OJSC, 2007, revenues amounted to 4.16 billion rubles
• OAO Voronezh Aircraft Building Company, 2007, revenues amounted to 3.74 billion rubles
• Voronezh car-repair plant them. Telman - a branch of Russian Railways (repair of passenger cars of all types, the formation and repair of car wheel pairs);
• Voronezh diesel locomotive repair plant them. Dzerzhinsky - branch of Russian Railways (repair of diesel locomotives);
• FSUE " Voronezh Mechanical Plant " (production of rocket and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment); In 2009, the total production amounted to more than 2.9 billion rubles (special equipment 2.7 billion rubles).
• JSC " Rudgormash " (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment);
• JSC " Tyazhmehpress " (production of press-forging equipment);
• CJSC Voronezhstalmost (production of metal bridges);
• Amtel- Chernozemye LLC (tire production);
• Voronezhsintezkauchuk OJSC (production of polymer products);
• OJSC PKF Voronezh Ceramic Plant (production of ceramic tiles);
• Voronezh Glass Factory - a branch of RASCO LLC (glass container production);
• Voronezh branch of CJSC Veropharm (production of medicines);
• OAO Voronezh Dairy Plant (production of dairy products);
• ZAO Yantar (cheese production);
• OAO Voronezh Confectionery Factory (confectionery production);
• FSUE " Design Bureau of Chemical Automation
• OJSC Voronezh Plant of Semiconductor Devices , VZPP
• Voronezh aluminum plant
• Voronezh excavator plant named after the Comintern
• OJSC "Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering"

On June 26, 1941, the assembly of the first two BM-13 serial launchers on the ZIS-6 chassis, which subsequently received the nickname “ Katyusha ” among the people and among the Soviet troops, was completed at the Comintern plant in Voronezh. ^[15]

Tyazhmekhpress plant On August 20, 2010, the Tyazhmekhpress plant was the first in the world to create a 14,000 ton-force crank hot forging press with a KB 8552 model ^[21] . Weight of stamped parts - up to 210 kg. In March 2011, JSC Tyazhmekhpress signed a contract for the supply of hot-pressing forging press with a force of 16,500 tons to China.

Voronezh car-repair plant them. Telman and Voronezh Diesel-Repair Plant named. Dzerzhinsky are branches of Russian Railways. Voronezh Car Repair Plant is engaged in the repair of passenger cars of all types, the formation and repair of car wheelsets, and the Voronezh Diesel Locomotive Repair Plant in repair of diesel locomotives.

JSC " Rudgormash " produces drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment. The company was founded on January 1, 1949 under the name "Mashmet" ^[22] . The production structure of the enterprise consists of the main, procuring and independent production workshops.

JSC " Tyazhmehpress " produces press-forging equipment.

Voronezh Aluminum Plant is a closed joint-stock company established on the basis of the enterprise “Voronezh Plant of Aluminum Building Structures” after the end of its bankruptcy procedure ^[23] .

Food Industry

The largest enterprises of the food industry are

• Voronezh Dairy Plant OJSC is an enterprise engaged in the production of dairy products. Included in the Molvest holding ^[24]
• ZAO Yantar - Voronezh processed cheese factory ^[25]
• OAO Voronezh Confectionery Factory is a company engaged in the production of confectionery products. Included in the United Confectioners Holding ^[26]
• Voronezh Yeast LLC (a company that produces pressed baker's yeast) ^[27]

Chemical Industry

The largest enterprises of the chemical industry are

• FSUE " Design Bureau of Chemical Automation "
• Voronezhsintezkauchuk OJSC (production of polymer products);
• Amtel- Chernozemye LLC (tire production);
• OJSC PKF Voronezh Ceramic Plant (production of ceramic tiles);
• Voronezh Glass Factory - a branch of RASCO LLC (glass container production);
• Voronezh branch of CJSC Veropharm (production of medicines);
• Voronezh Soap Factory Finist-Mylovar LLC ^[28] .
• Voronezhsintezkauchuk is the only enterprise in Russia that produces thermoplastic elastomers ^[29] . At the end of 2008, the production of thermoplastic elastomers increased from 27 thousand to 35 thousand tons per year.

In March 2001, in Voronezh, a joint Russian-Czech enterprise ZAO Voronezh-PLAST was established for the production of polyethylene and polypropylene pipes ^[30] .

Electronics Industry

The largest enterprises of the electronics industry are:

• JSC "Concern" Constellation ""
• OJSC " Voronezh Plant of Semiconductor Devices "
• OJSC "Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering"

Rail

In Voronezh, there are three railway stations at the railway stations Voronezh I , Voronezh II Kursky and [Pridacha (station) | Voronezh-Yuzhny]. A left-bank transit railway station is being designed. On the territory of the Left Bank and Zheleznodorozhny districts, the railway passes through a tunnel.

Car communication

In Voronezh, a large number of cars - more than 200 cars / thousand. people ^[31] .

The Voronezh M4 “ Don ” motorway (along a bypass road ) and the A144 regional route Kursk- Voronezh- Saratov pass through. ^[32] There are two bus stations and one bus station: the Central Bus Station, the Left Bank Bus Station and the South-West Bus Station.

Air service

Voronezh Airport is located near the village of Chertovitsy , 5 km from the city. Since 1995, the airport has the status of “international” ^[33] From it flights to Moscow , to other cities of Russia and the world are carried out daily. ^[34]

In the Left Bank area is located jointly based airport Pridacha .

City transport

City transport of the city is represented by buses , trolley buses and trams . By the end of the XIX century there was a horse-drawn railroad ^[35] , in 1926 a tram appeared, and in 1960 a trolleybus was launched.

Bridges

The left and right banks of the reservoir are connected by three road bridges and a railway crossing . Central of the road - Chernavsky bridge connecting the Left Bank area with the city center; The North Bridge is original in design - it has two floors: the first is for cars, the second is for trams; across the southern part of the reservoir a Vogresovsky bridge is thrown. There are also small transport bridges across the Peschanka river in the Left Bank area, bridges over the Blue Danube creeks and the Sandy Log. There are also pedestrian bridges on the Pridachenskaya dam (pleasure bridge and Suspension bridge ) ^[36] .

The first street lighting in Voronezh appeared in 1804 , when the Voronezh governor ordered that homeowners place wooden lampposts with candle lanterns next to their houses. This instruction was only partially fulfilled. ^[37] . In 1822, the first sidewalks began to be built on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya, and in 1824 they began to pave city streets with stone and build brick walls to prevent further destruction of street descents ^[37] . Water was delivered to Voronezh until the middle of the 19th century by water carriers taking it from the Voronezh River or from crane-wells ^[38] . October 18, 1869 at the personal expense of the city head Stepan Lukyanovich Kryazhov ^{[approx. 1]} and under his leadership the first water supply system was built in Voronezh ^[39] . The water tower stood on the territory of the modern Lenin Square .

The expenses of the budget of the modern city for utilities in the first nine months of 2009 amounted to 383.7 million rubles ^[40] :

• 2004 - 262.4 million rubles
• 2005 - 287.0 million rubles
• 2006 - 380.2 million rubles
• 2007 - 379.0 million rubles
• 2008 - 383.7 million rubles

The share of apartment buildings in which the owners of the premises have chosen and implement one of the ways to manage apartment buildings (data for 2009-2011 are planned) ^[40] :

• direct management of the owners of the premises in an apartment building:
  • 0.04% (2007)
  • 1.29% (2008)
  • 1.70% (2009)
  • 1.85% (2010)
  • 2.00% (2011)
• management of homeowners ’partnership or housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative:
  • 11.00% (2007)
  • 11.77% (2008)
  • 17.00% (2009)
  • 25.60% (2010)
  • 35.00% (2011)
• management of a municipal or state institution or enterprise:
  • 26.58% (2007)
  • 2.12% (2008)
  • 1.00% (2009)
  • 0.06% (2010)
  • 0.03% (2011)

On May 2, 2010, deputies increased the revenue part of the budget of the city district of Voronezh by 953 432.372 thousand rubles ^[41] . About 700 million rubles will be spent on the overhaul of the housing stock of Voronezh, more than 200 million rubles will be spent on resettlement from dilapidated and emergency housing. On June 24, 2010, a public hearing was held in the building of the Voronezh City Duma, at which the draft municipal program “Demolition and reconstruction of dilapidated housing stock in the city district of Voronezh” ^{[42] was} discussed, within which more than 500 houses will be demolished and reconstructed. st. January 9, Labor Avenue, st. Leningradskaya st. Solar, etc.

One of the serious problems of urban housing and communal services is to provide residents with drinking water.

• At the end of March 2009 in the register of claims of creditors of the municipal enterprise of the city “Vodokanal Voronezh” there was a debt of 888 million rubles ^{[43] [44]} .

Modern Voronezh is among the cities in which water flows into water pipes only from underground sources, which helps prevent massive intestinal diseases due to water supply ^[45] . According to February 2010, enterprises and residents of Voronezh consumed 500 thousand cubic meters of water per day, which flow into the water supply system from 245 wells of city water-lifting stations. Nevertheless, over the past decades, beginning in the 1970s (the time when mass construction of multi-storey buildings began), there is a water shortage problem in some housing districts of the city (Northern, South-Western, etc.), therefore, many homes have hot and cold water supply. on schedule: from 6.00 to 12.00 and from 17.00 to 23.00. On public holidays and weekends, a 24-hour water supply is often provided in these areas. In February 2010, the head of the regional administration of the Voronezh Region, Aleksey Gordeyev, announced that the schedule for water supply in Voronezh would be canceled by 2011 ^[45] .

In the framework of the program "Demolition and reconstruction of a dilapidated housing stock in the city district of Voronezh" ^[42] , more than 500 houses are being demolished and reconstructed on ul. January 9, Labor Avenue, st. Leningradskaya st. Solar, etc.

In October 2010, the senior assistant to the prosecutor of the region, Mikhail Nikolayevich Usov, reported that a prosecutor’s check was conducted on the activities of management companies ^{[46] [47]} :

• OJSC "Management Company of the Left Bank District",
• LLC Stroytrest 2P,
• LLC AVA-Krov,
• Ltd. "REP with. Nikolskoe ",
• LLC "UK RUS-M".

As a result, numerous violations of housing legislation were revealed, and a criminal case was initiated against the managers of the managing company of OAO Management Company of the Levoberezhny District on the grounds of the crime provided for by part 1 of Article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (causing property damage by deception or abuse of trust), which was the first criminal case against the management company in the history of the city.

• In 1975, the first covered market in the history of the city was built in Voronezh
• Since 2006, Voronezh has been actively building shopping and entertainment and business centers of various classes ^[48] : Chizhov Gallery Center, Premier ^[49] , Summit ^[50] , etc.
• There are numerous network food supermarkets and hypermarkets, the construction of new ones. For example, ^[48] : TRDK “Chizhov Gallery Center”, “Premier” ^[49] , “Summit” ^[50] , SEC “MaxIMIR” ^[51] , “City-Park Grad” ^[52] , etc.
• There are numerous chain food supermarkets and hypermarkets: Wester Hyper , Kopek , Magnit , Perekrestok , Pyaterochka , Line , METRO Cash & Carry , Auchan , Leroy Merlin , Castorama , etc.