The climate of Voronezh

Winter is usually warm. Often there are thaws. Active western transport of air masses contributes to the fact that in December and the first half of January it sometimes rains instead of snow . The winter period in Voronezh lasts 127 days : the average daily air temperature drops below zero on November 14 , the last winter day falls on March 19 ^[2] . On average, during the calendar winter, according to the climatic norm of 1961-1990, the city has 27 days with a thaw (30% of the duration of the calendar winter), which is 1.5 times or 9 days more than in Moscow. Following this, with the average daily temperature passing through 0 ° C, spring begins. Every year for 2-7 days there are frosts below −20 ° C.

April is characterized by unstable weather. On certain days of the month, the temperature can reach 20 ° C and higher, however, it can get colder on any day. The average daily air temperature above 5 ° C is set on average on April 5 and reaches 10 ° C on April 21 . On average, night frosts in the vicinity of the city end on April 26 (for comparison, in Moscow - May 8 , in Kazan - May 28 ). May may begin with night frosts, but in the second half of the month the temperature can rise to 30 ° C ^[3] .

The summer is warm. June is rainy and cool, but June frosts in the vicinity of the city occur no more than once a century (for comparison, in the Moscow region - once every 17 years) ^[4] . In July-August, hot and dry weather sets in. This occurs during the formation of the anticyclone : Voronezh can easily reach the hot air masses from Kazakhstan or North Africa . In this case, the daily temperature may exceed 30 ° C, and in some cases 35 ° C. The average duration of the climatic summer (with a period of average daily temperatures above +15 degrees) is 114 days . Summer begins on average May 17 , already from July 3 the average daily temperature passes over +20 ° C, and drops below August 12. The last day of the summer period falls on September 7th ^[2] .

Although the average July temperature is around 20 ° C, the real average temperature exceeds this figure already in June, and in July the average daily temperature can exceed 30 ° C. So, for example, the average temperature on July 28, 2010 was +31.2 ° C, which is an absolute record for the last few years , on the same day the day temperature reached +39 ° C, and on August 2, 2010 the temperature reached +40.5 ° C, which is the new absolute record of the city. ^{[5] [6]}

The first frosts begin on average on October 7 , about a week later than in Moscow ^[7] . Autumn is warm, steady frosts begin only after November 10th . The average daily temperature drops below +10 ° C on October 3 and below +5 ° C on October 25 . The first snow is usually observed no earlier than October 15. At the same time, stable snow cover is established only by the end of December. The positive average daily temperature lasts on average until November 13 , after which winter sets in ^[2] .

January - frosty weather prevails, precipitation falls mainly in the form of snow, less often - in the form of rain and drizzle. When a frosty anticyclone is established, the temperature can drop to −25 - 30 ° C. Thaws up to 1 - 2 ° C occur every 7-10 days. Snow cover is generally stable, but the New Year is sometimes snowless. The average temperature is −6.1 ° С, deviations in one direction or another are frequent. Vegetation is completely absent. The height of the Sun above the horizon at noon varies from 15.5 ° in early January to 20.5 ° in the end.

February - frosty weather prevails, according to statistics - the coldest month of the year (-6.5 ° C). Despite the fact that daylight increases significantly, and at the end of the month the height of the Sun at noon above the horizon reaches 30 ° (at the beginning of the month - 21 °), anticyclone weather with steady frost and snow cover dominates. Precipitation falls in the form of snow, but by the end of the month it sometimes turns into rain and drizzle. In recent years, by the end of February, the maximum daily temperature has been steadily above zero. Vegetation is completely absent.

March is the first month of spring, slightly frosty, or a cool month with an average temperature of −1 ° C (in 2014 it was + 2.9 ° C, in 2015 + 1.7 ° C, in 2016 + 2.6 ° C, in 2017 + 3.7 ° WITH). Precipitation falls in the form of snow, rain or drizzle. Snow cover begins to collapse from the second decade of March, with the establishment of a positive temperature in the daytime. In some years, snow cover completely disappears at the beginning of the month; in severe years, March lasts. On March 19, the average daily temperature crosses the 0 ° C mark, which means the beginning of the climate spring. The first thawed patches appear on reservoirs. Vegetation is absent, in warm March by the end of the month snowdrops appear and buds begin to swell in the trees. The height of the Sun above the horizon at noon increases from 30.5 ° at the beginning of the month to 42.5 ° at the end.

April is a moderately warm spring month with an average temperature of 8.3 ° C. The most contrasting month in the temperature regime, the average daily temperature on April 1 is 3.9 ° С, on April 30 - 12.0 ° С. In April, the snow cover is finally destroyed, water bodies are opened from ice, the first insects and the first greens appear. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain, but during the return of cold weather it can snow and even restore temporary snow cover. Frosts are possible until the end of the month. Rarely, at the end of the month, hot weather can be established with an air temperature of 25-29 ° C. The height of the Sun above the horizon at noon is 42.5 ° in early April and 53 ° at the end.

May is a warm, often moderately hot month with an average temperature of 14.8 ° C. Precipitation falls in the form of rain, the same happens with hail. Occasionally, frosts occur up to −3 ° C. In May, the first thunderstorms occur. Snow falls extremely rarely, the last cases of snow in May were recorded in 1986 and 2000. Daylight hours continue to increase; all plants in the city are covered with green. On May 17, the average daily temperature reaches 15 ° C, the climatic summer begins. In the second half of May, when the weather is anticyclonic, the temperature often reaches 30 ° C and higher, which allows you to open the swimming season in local reservoirs. The height of the Sun above the horizon at noon varies from 53.5 ° in early May to 60 ° at the end.

June is the first month of the calendar summer in Voronezh characterized by mildly hot weather with an average temperature of 18.6 ° C. Precipitation occurs in the form of rain, hail, and there are thunderstorms. The daylight hours are maximum, but temperatures have not yet reached a peak; cyclones with heavy rains are frequent in the first half of the month. In the second half of the month, stable hot weather is established with temperatures of 25-35 ° C. Vegetation is active, the height of the Sun at noon above the horizon is 60.5 ° in early June, reaches ~ 62 ° on June 22 and decreases to 61.2 ° by the end of the month.

July - according to statistics, the hottest month of the year (average monthly temperature is 20.5 ° C). Vegetation is active, rainfall in the form of rain and hail. Sunny weather prevails, temperature drops to 20 ° C during the day are rare and usually do not last long. Daylight hours begin to decline, but the peak average daily temperature falls at the end of the month. The height of the Sun above the horizon at noon varies from 61.2 ° in early July to 56.5 ° in the end.

August is a moderately hot summer month with an average temperature of 19.2 ° C. Vegetation is active, rainfall in the form of rain and hail, their intensity increases in the second half of the month. Warm, often hot weather prevails with daytime temperatures of 25-30 ° С, in some years - 35-40 ° С. Daylight hours are noticeably reduced, which begins to be felt in the third decade of August, when night temperatures are very low (10-15 ° C), but still quite warm during the day. The height of the Sun at noon decreases from 56.5 ° August 1 to 47 ° August 31 .

September is a warm month with a temperature of + 13.3 ° C. In September, the climatic summer ends ( September 7 ). Vegetation processes are still quite active, but by the end of the month they are very slow, the green begins to turn yellow. Warm, but not hot weather prevails with daytime temperatures of about 20 ° C, both short-term heat transfers up to 25-30 ° C and prolonged cooling with a maximum daily temperature of no higher than 10 ° C and drizzling rains. Indian summer usually falls on the second or third decade of September. The height of the Sun at noon decreases from 46.5 ° at the beginning of the month to 35.5 ° at the end. Significant weather anomalies occur: for example, in 2013 266 mm of precipitation fell, which is more than 4 monthly norms, while the temperature only reached 20 ° C only twice a month, and on September 27 even wet snow mixed in with rain, the first negative temperature was recorded in the night of September 28 , and in 2015 from September 18, an abnormally warm, even hot weather was established for this time of year with average daily temperatures from 19 to 23.5 ° C, which is more typical for mid-late July, and daytime highs were some days more e 30 ° C. This weather lasted until September 29 . But even more intense heat was observed in September 2018, especially in the first half, when the temperature reached a record high of 33.7 ° C on 1 November and the average daily temperature steadily exceeded 20 ° C.

October is a moderately cool autumn month with an average temperature of 6.9 ° C. Vegetation processes cease, a “golden autumn” sets in, precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain and drizzle, less often in the form of snow. At the beginning of the month, short-term, up to 21-22 ° С heat transfers are possible, by the end of the month the night temperature is close to zero, the daytime temperature is 5-10 ° С, and occasionally - 12-15 ° С. Frosts can be on any day of October. The first snow falls on October 25-30, then the establishment of a temporary snow cover is possible. However, these periods vary greatly: in some years, snow may fall in the first half of the month, and in some years it will not fall until November 25 . On October 3, the average daily temperature drops below 10 ° C, on October 25 - below 5 ° C, after which the pre-winter occurs. The height of the Sun at noon above the horizon varies from 35.5 ° in early October to 24.5 ° in the end.

November is a cool, sometimes moderately frosty month with an average temperature of −0.4 ° C (in recent years, as a rule, it has been above 0). There are no vegetation processes, precipitation falls in the form of rain, drizzle and snow. The cyclonic type of weather dominates. Both short-term warming up to + 10-12 (less often - 15 ° С) and strong cooling down to −15 - 20 ° С are possible. November is the darkest month, due to the short day and lack of snow. Snow cover, as a rule, is temporary, permanent is established not earlier than the end of November - beginning of December. On November 14, the average daily temperature drops below 0 ° C, climatic winter sets in. Freezing begins on shallow reservoirs, in cold November - on the Voronezh reservoir and the Don river. The height of the Sun at noon above the horizon decreases from 24 ° at the beginning of the month to 16.5 ° at the end.

December is a moderately frosty month with an average temperature of −5 ° C. There are no vegetation processes; in the absence of snow and warm weather, the grass may slightly grow green in places. Snow cover is unstable: having established at the beginning of the month, it can completely collapse in a week due to thaws that are quite powerful this month. A frosty anticyclone is not set every December, therefore the minimum temperature rarely reaches −20 ° С. On some days, the temperature can reach 10 ° C or more. Daylight hours are short, the height of the Sun at noon above the horizon is 16.5 ° on December 1 and 15 ° on December 21 . In recent years, the number of December with a positive or slightly negative average monthly temperature has sharply increased (in 2000 -0.7 ° С, in 2006 + 0.6 ° С, in 2011 -0.2 ° С, in 2015 0.0 ° C and in 2017 + 1.5 ° C).

• The average annual temperature is +6.9 ° C
• The average annual wind speed is 2.9 m / s
• The average annual humidity is 74%

At the end of the 19th century , there were several meteorological stations in the city ^[8] . In the history of the city, they recorded unusual facts related to the weather. For example, in 1848, Voronezh residents observed the northern lights ^{[9] [10]} .

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  December

• Weather data and weather forecast for the city:
  1. pogoda.yandex.ru

• Abnormal heat in Russia (2010)