Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov ( November 29 [ December 10 ] 1798 , St. Petersburg [2] - January 9 [21], 1877 , St. Petersburg ) - Russian artist and architect, academician and professor of architecture at the Imperial Academy of Arts . Privy Councilor (1864). The elder brother of Karl Bryullov .
| Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov | |||||
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| Birth name | Alexander Bryullo | ||||
| Date of Birth | November 29 ( December 10 ) 1798 | ||||
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| Date of death | January 9 (21), 1877 (78 years old) | ||||
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| Ranks | Academician of IAH (1831) Professor Emeritus (1854) | ||||
Content
The early years
Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov was born in St. Petersburg in the family of “academician of ornamental sculpture” Pavel Ivanovich Bryullo [3] .
Together with his younger brother Karl in 1809 he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts , at the public expense. In 1821 he entered the public service. In 1822, at the expense of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists , the Bryullov brothers were sent abroad for 6 years.
The brothers spent the winter in Munich , and in May 1823 arrived in Rome . With particular love A.P. Bryullov studied the ruins of ancient cities, for which, in 1824, he visited Sicily with Alexander Lvov , and in the autumn of that year, Pompeii , where he drafted a restoration project for the term.
By 1826, he had already completed Pompeian baths, then printed in Sans engravings in Paris , and the text for them was printed in French only in 1829. Bryullov spent the following year in Paris , where he attended a course in mechanics at the Sorbonne and attended Buon's lectures on the history of architecture. From here Bryullov traveled to Chartres and other cities, as well as to England . In 1829 he returned to St. Petersburg .
The Pompeian Baths gave Bryullov the title of Architect of His Majesty, a corresponding member of the French Institute, a member of the Royal Institute of Architects in England and the title of member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Milan and Petersburg.
Architect
As an architect, Bryullov made his name for the projects of buildings under construction in St. Petersburg and its environs. Among them, the Observatory on Pulkovo Hill , which was built by him at the same time as the headquarters of the Guards Corps on Palace Square , in St. Petersburg, was built at the highest command.
Bryullov showed his talent as an architect for the first time in the reconstruction of the living quarters of the Winter Palace after the fire of 1837 and in the construction of the Exetzirgaus here. Great success was Pompeii ornamentation, which was named after the corresponding palace gallery.
Soon Bryullov was entrusted with the reconstruction of the Marble Palace on the day of the wedding of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, and at the same time work was underway to remove the building of the Alexander Hospital, with the continuation of Nadezhdinskaya Street, to Nevsky Prospekt . In addition, in 1831 Bryullov built the Mikhailovsky Theater in St. Petersburg, the Gothic church for Countess Polie in Pargolovo , the house of Countess Samoilova in Slavyanka .
In 1832 he drafted the Lutheran Church of St. Peter and Paul on Nevsky Prospect, in the style of English Gothic, and in the same year he was awarded the title of Professor of Architecture for the project of a luxurious church in the capital, in the classical style, after which he was entrusted with the construction of Pulkovskaya observatory .
In the 1845-1850s, he continued work on the Marble Palace, this time he was entrusted with the restructuring of the Service House. The lower floor was intended for the palace stables, and the building overlooking the garden, was supposed to be a playpen. To decorate the building on the facade , over the windows of the second floor, the entire length of the middle part of the building, was placed a seventy- meter relief "Horse in the service of man."
It was executed by Peter Klodt according to the graphic sketch of the architect. Tympans of the side gables were also performed by Klodt and depicted newts trumpeting into shells [4] .
Bryullov also drafted projects for buildings under construction in the province. In 1835-1839, a memorial obelisk was erected in Tobolsk according to the design of Alexander Pavlovich in honor of the battle between the detachment of Yermak and the army of the Tatar Khan Kuchum [5] , and in 1842, according to his design, a caravanserai in Orenburg was built , consisting of a mosque with a minaret and buildings surrounding them for civilian institutions.
Portraitist
Bryullov was also an excellent watercolor painter. During his stay in Naples, he painted portraits of the royal family there, and for the Empress Maria Feodorovna - a drawing of the Flavius amphitheater .
In Paris in 1837, at an evening with Princess Golitsyna, he executed the most similar portrait of Walter Scott (with a plaid around his neck), which the artist himself turned to stone.
In 1830, Bryullov exhibited a watercolor portrait of Prince Lopukhin in St. Petersburg, and a year later he painted in watercolor a portrait of Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich , surrounded by cadets from different corps.
Since 1845, Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov occupied a house on the Cadet Line , 21, which later belonged to his son-in-law Count P. Yu. Suzor . In 1872 he retired from public service. He died on January 9 (21), 1877 in his mansion. He was buried in Pavlovsk at the city cemetery [6] . His grave is recognized as an architectural monument of federal significance [7] .
Family
In 1831, Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov married Baroness Alexandra Alexandrovna von Ral (1810–1885), the youngest daughter of the court banker Baron Alexander Alexandrovich von Ral (1756–1833) from a marriage with Elizabeth Alexandrovna Molvo (1768–1843), like all the daughters of the Baron who received a good home education. The closest relatives of Bryullov were the writer O. I. Senkovsky and General F.F. Schubert , married to the elder daughters of Baron Rahl - Adele and Sofya, respectively.
Bryullov lived in a successful marriage with his wife for 46 years. In the house of spouses in St. Petersburg, and in the summer months at the cottage in Pavlovsk , there were K. Bryullov , M. Glinka , Nestor Kukolnik , N. Gogol . Alexandra Alexandrovna herself was a talented musician, and musical evenings were arranged in their living room.
With great warmth, the artist Fyodor Jordan recalled the Bryullov family:
| I spent many pleasant days and evenings in this family. His hospitality was, one might say, exemplary. We used to sit at 5 o’clock at a table in the dining room beautifully arranged in the garden and sit until 11 a.m. Time passed imperceptibly among the cheerful and noisy conversations. I spent no less time with them in the city. |
In the family of Bryullov, nine children were born; the three eldest sons and daughter died underage.
- Vladimir (1832-1835)
- Nicholas (1836-1840)
- Alexander (1838-1849)
- Pavel (1840–1914) - Ph.D. in mathematics, a class artist of the 3rd degree in architecture, painter, watercolorist, engraver, full member of the Academy of Arts , knowledge of five foreign languages allowed him to professionally translate.
- Vladimir (1844-1919) - clerk and manager of the Russian Museum .
- Alexandra (1848-1849)
- Sophia (1848-1901) - wife of the architect Pavel Yulievich Suzor (1844-1919).
- Julia (1850-1878) - married Spitz
- Anna (1852-1920) is the wife of the architect P.N. Volkov (1842-1922).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Bryullov Alexander Pavlovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Bryullov Alexander Pavlovich // TSB, 3rd edition
- ↑ Bryullov Alexander Pavlovich . on the site "Walks in St. Petersburg . " Date of treatment December 11, 2013.
- ↑ Petrov V.N. Petr Karlovich Klodt, 1805-1867. - L. , 1985.
- ↑ Cities of Russia: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. G. M. Lappo. - M .: “The Great Russian Encyclopedia”; Terra - Book Club, 1998 .-- 559 pp., Ill., Maps. - ISBN 5-300-01747-7 . - S. 465.
- ↑ Bryullov, Alexander Pavlovich // Petersburg Necropolis / Comp. V.I. Saitov . - SPb. : Printing house of M. M. Stasyulevich , 1912. - T. 1 (A – D). - S. 305.
- ↑ Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 527 of 07/10/2001
Sources
- Bryullov Alexander Pavlovich // List of civilian ranks of the first IV classes. Corrected on November 20, 1856. - SPb. : Printing house of the II branch of His Imperial Majesty's own Chancellery , 1856. - S. 458.
- Bryullov Alexander Pavlovich // List of civilian ranks of the first three classes. Corrected on September 10th, 1871. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1871. - P. 205.
- Editorial Board Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov, professor of architecture [obituary ] // World illustration : journal. - 1877. - T. 17 , No. 420 . - S. 70-71 .
- Bryullov, Alexander Pavlovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- S. N. Kondakov. Anniversary Directory of the Imperial Academy of Arts. 1764-1914 . - St. Petersburg: Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilborg, 1915. - T. 2. - S. 298-299. - 454 s.
Links
- Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov . on the portal "Sunday" (December 10, 2013).
- Bryullov (until 1822 - Bryullo) Alexander Pavlovich . Encyclopedia of Russian artists ArtOnline.ru .
- Karnaukhova L., Arkhangelsky S. Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov - portrait painter . magazine binder: “Our Heritage” .