Destroyers of the S-90 type are destroyers (according to the official classification of the German fleet - destroyers for the open sea), which was in service with the German Navy at the beginning of the 20th century and during the First World War . In total, 12 destroyers of this type were built - S-90 - S-101 (all according to the program of 1899 ). On September 4, 1914, all destroyers of the type were converted into minesweepers and tenders , at the same time they were renamed T-90 - T-101 [2] .
| Destroyers type S-90 | |
|---|---|
| Großes torpedoboot 1898 | |
 S-90 | |
| Project | |
| A country |
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| Manufacturers |
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| Operators |
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| Years of construction | 1899-1900 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 310 t (design) 394 t (full load) |
| Length | 63.0 m (largest) |
| Width | 7.0 m (largest) |
| Draft | 2.83 m (in service) |
| Reservation | missing |
| Engines | 2 triple expansion steam engines |
| Power | 5900 l. with. |
| Mover | 2 screws ∅ 2.25 m [1] |
| Speed | 27.0 knots |
| Sailing range | 830 miles at 17 knots 690 miles at 20 knots |
| Crew | 57 people (including 2 officers) |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 3x1 50 mm guns |
| Flak | not |
| Mine torpedo armament | 3x1 450 mm TA |
Design
The 20th century has come. Destination of destroyers in the German fleet has changed. Now they are not a means of defense, but one of the most important components of the fleet. From that moment on, the goal of this class of ships was to weaken the enemy fleet before the general battle. These destroyers were the development of one of the Shihau projects: the divider destroyer D 9 . They had a forecastle, instead of common carp destroyers, which were then widespread on destroyers and destroyers. As a result, speed was lost near the knot in calm water, but seaworthiness increased. The main objective of German ships of this type was a torpedo attack on large units of the enemy, and not the defense of their own forces from destroyer attacks, as for the British destroyers. Differences were manifested not only in the name: German Torpedoboote (torpedo boats), and British torpedo boat destroyers (destroyers), but also in armament. The German Torpedoboote was armed with three 50 mm cannons, and then British fighters, usually one 12-pound (76 mm) cannon and five 6-pound (57 mm) cannons. All steel structures below the waterline are galvanized. The case is divided into ten waterproof compartments.
Power plant
On ships of the type, two three - cylinder steam engines (triple expansion) with a total capacity of 5900 liters were installed as power plants . with. and three Thornicroft boilers with a pressure of 15.5 atmospheres . The maximum fuel reserves on destroyers of the type were 93 tons of coal . Most destroyers did not reach their design speed a little, developing from 26.5 to 27 knots [1] .
Armament
Destroyers armed with 3 × 1 50 mm / 40 guns. Torpedo armament destroyers consisted of three single-tube 450-mm torpedo tubes . During conversion to tenders, artillery was replaced.
Project Evaluation
The destroyers served as prototypes for the Italian destroyers of the Lampo type and the Russian destroyers of the Whale type . In general, they were good ships, but had some drawbacks: the Russian and German destroyers had insufficient artillery weapons, and the Italian destroyers were not effective torpedo (356 mm torpedo tubes). The Russian destroyers were armed with one 75 mm and five 47 mm guns, the German with three 50 mm guns, while the modern Japanese ones with two 76 mm and four 57 mm, and the British and Italian with one 76 mm and five 57 mm. The Russian 75-mm shell weighed 4.9 kg, the 47-mm shell 1.5 kg, the German 50-mm shell weighed 1.72 kg, and the British, Japanese and Italian 76-mm shells weighed 5.7 kg, 57 mm - 2.7 kg. As a result, weak artillery became the most serious shortcoming of German destroyers.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Torpedoboote, 1983 , S. 42.
- ↑ Trubitsyn S. B. Squadron destroyers and destroyers of Germany (1871-1918). - SPb. , 2000 .-- S. 31.
Literature
- Trubitsyn S. B. Squadron destroyers and destroyers of Germany (1871-1918). - SPb. , 2000.
- Gröner, Erich. Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945 Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstorer, Scyntllboote. - Bernard & Graefe, 1983.- 224 p. - ISBN 3-7637-4801-6 .