Quebec Fortress ( Fr. Citadelle de Québec ) is a military fortification located at Cape Diaman in the city of Quebec . Adjoining the Fields of Abraham , it is an integral part of the fortifications of the old city . Quebec is the only city in North America that has preserved an ensemble of its military fortifications.
| Sight | |
| Quebec fortress | |
|---|---|
| Citadelle de québec | |
 View of the fortress from the building of Marie-Guyart | |
| A country | Capital Nacional |
| Location | |
| Building type | Military fort |
| Architect | |
| Building | XVII - XIX century |
| Status | Decree of June 24, 1872 recognized as a historical monument |
| Site | |
Next to this deepened fortress - that is, located on a flat surface, which is typical for the end of the 18th – early 19th century , is the building of the Parliament of Quebec , as well as a number of other government buildings and large hotels.
History
The first temporary belt of fortifications was built from 1690 at the request of Louis de Buad , Count of Frontenac. The attack of Admiral Phipps and his New England fleet in 1690 arouses a real fear of a siege in a European way in the city of Quebec. From 1693, according to the plans of Josue Buabertelo de Bocour, a new belt of fortifications was being built to replace the old temporary fortification. Between 1700 and 1720, the city became a huge building site for many lonely, incomplete and inadequate fortifications, and in 1721 the metropolis refused to finish the Québec defensive works, considering them less significant than the works in Montreal and Luibur . In 1701 , a fortification plan was developed by French engineer Jacques Levasseur de Neret , according to the commissioner-general for the fortifications of Louis XIV . However, it was not until 1745 that in a panic because of Luibur’s surrender , the governor of Boarnois allowed the construction of a belt of fortifications completely made of stone under the direction of military engineer Gaspar-Joseph Shosegro de Lery.
Construction of the fortress was completed only during the war of 1812 . Star-shaped fortifications, which have survived to the present, were built between 1820 and 1831 under the guidance of a British lieutenant colonel and royal engineer Elias Walker Durnford and include a section of the 1745 French defensive wall. They were to serve as a stronghold of British troops to ensure the safety of the heights of Cape Diaman with a possible invasion from the United States .
Most of the fortifications of the city of Quebec (which was surrounded by them) survived thanks to the intervention of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Lord Dufferin , Governor-General of Canada from 1872 to 1878 , who made the Fortress its official residence.
The Fortress held the Quebec Conferences of 1943 and 1944 , during which Winston Churchill , Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King discussed strategy in World War II .
Since 1920, the fortress is the gathering place of the Royal 22nd Regiment of Canadian Forces . In addition to using it as a military structure, it is still the official residence of the Governor-General of Canada, who, according to tradition, holds it for several weeks a year. The main residence of the Governor-General remains Rideau Hall in the city of Ottawa .
See also
- List of New France Forts
Links
- Official site of the Quebec Fortress (Tourisme Québec)
- Webpage of the Royal 22nd Regiment (inaccessible link from 04/17/2016 [1202 days])
- Fortress (Governor-General of Canada)
- Quebec International Festival of Military Music