Janos I Zapoljayi [1] ( Ivan Zapolsky , Hungarian. Szapolyai János ; Croatian Ivan Zapolje, Ivan Zapoljski , Polish Jan Zápolya ); February 2, 1487 - June 22, 1540 ) - Hungarian statesman of Croatian descent, Prince of Transylvania and King of Hungary , son of the Palatine Istvan Zapolyai (Stepan Zapolsky) and Jadwiga Teszynska, daughter of Prince Przemyslaw II Cieszinsky and his wife Anna, daughter of Prince Boleslav IV of Warsaw , representative of the Mazowiecki Piast line.
| Janos I Zapolyayi | |||||||
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| Hungarian Szapolyai János , Horv. Ivan Zapoljski , polish Jan Zápolya | |||||||
 Janos Zapolyaya. Portrait of the 16th century . | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Peter Szent-Gyorgyi (Szentgyörgyi Péter) | ||||||
| Successor | Pereni Peter | ||||||
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| Coronation | November 11, 1526 | ||||||
| Predecessor | Lajosh II | ||||||
| Successor | Janos II Sigismund | ||||||
| Birth | February 2, 1487 Spissky Castle , Slovakia | ||||||
| Death | June 22, 1540 (53 years old) Sebes , Transylvania | ||||||
| Burial place | Szekesfehervar | ||||||
| Kind | |||||||
| Father | Istvan Zapolyayi (? —1499), Count Sepes, Prince of Transylvania | ||||||
| Mother | Jadwiga Teshenskaya (1463-1521) | ||||||
| Spouse | Isabella Jagiellon | ||||||
| Children | Janos II | ||||||
| Religion | catholic | ||||||
| Autograph | |||||||
Brother of Barbara Zapolyaya - the first wife of King of Poland Sigismund I the Old . A descendant of Tvrde Zapolje, the founder of Tvrdic Castle in Croatia. Since November 10, 1526, Janos Zapoyai was the penultimate king-native of the Hungarian kingdom and the last - under whose authority at least nominally was the entire territory of the kingdom (actually - the East Hungarian kingdom ).
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Ancestors
- 3 notes
- 4 Bibliography
- 5 Links
Biography
Janos I Zapolyai was born in Spissky Castle , on the territory of modern Slovakia.
In 1510, Janos asked the hands of Princess Anne. It is possible that his appointment in 1511 to the governor of Transylvania was intended to keep him away from the capital.
In 1514, Zapolyaye, together with Istvan Batori, crushed the peasant revolt of György Doji .
After the death of Vladislav (Ulaslo) II, he became regent under the young king Louis (Laoshe) II . He tried to achieve his appointment as a Palatine , but Istvan (Stefan) IV Batory , the father of Stephen , the future king of Poland, was appointed instead. Clan rivalry between Zapolyaye and Bathory helped the Turks to take Belgrade fortress in 1521 in many ways.
After the defeat in the battle of Mohach and the death of Louis II, two seimas were held, electing two different kings. On October 16, Janos was elected king in Tokai . Crowned on November 11, 1526 . Unsuccessfully requested the hands of the widow of Louis II - Mary of Austria . Zapolsky’s rival was Ferdinand I of Habsburg , the future emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, elected on December 16.
In 1527-1528, the army of Ferdinand invaded Hungary, defeated the troops of Zapolyaye and expelled him from the fatherland to Poland. Being in exile, Janos Zapolyai turned in 1528 for help to the Ottoman Empire.
May 10, 1529 began the invasion of Suleiman the Magnificent in the Hungarian borders. During this campaign, Ottoman forces drove the Habsburg forces from the country, came close to Vienna [2] - and restored Janos’s power in most of Hungary. Janos Zapolyai in July 1529 was forced to take a vassal oath to the Turkish Sultan - and only then was he recognized by him as the King of Hungary.
In 1531, Ferdinand I sent a diplomatic mission to Constantinople to conclude a peace treaty with the Sultan [3] ... In 1533, Ferdinand agreed to pay tribute to the Turks.
In 1538, Janos Zapolyai concluded a secret treatise with Ferdinand, recognizing Habsburg as his heir - in exchange for military assistance against the Turks. However, already the next year, 1539, Janos married the daughter of the Polish king Sigismund the Old - Isabella Jagiellonka . From this marriage a month before the death of Janos, his son Janos II Sigismund was born, to whom Janos I in 1540 bequeathed the kingdom. After the death of Janos I, the Turks captured the capital Buda . It happened in 1541 .
Ancestors
| Ancestors of Janos Zapolyaye | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes
- ↑ Drunken / B. Y. Zhelitsky // Iron Tree - Radiation. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2008. - S. 261—262. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 10). - ISBN 978-5-85270-341-5 .
- ↑ The Vienna garrison, under the command of Count Salma, successfully endured a 6-week Turkish siege.
- ↑ The embassy proceeded to the Turkish capital through Croatia and Bosnia. The mission’s translator, Slovenian Benedict Kuripesic, compiled a valuable description of these countries (Itinerarium).
Bibliography
- Barta Gábor . A Sztambulba vezető út (1526-1528). - Bdpst. : Magvető, 1983.
- Tringli István . Az újkor hajnala. Magyarország története 1440-1541. - Bdpst. : Vince, 2003.
- Szakály Ferenc . Virágkor és hanyatlás. 1440-1711. (Magyarok Európában II.) - Bdpst. : Háttér, 1990.
Links
- Zapoyayi / B. Y. Zhelitsky // Iron tree - Radiation. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2008. - S. 261—262. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 10). - ISBN 978-5-85270-341-5 .