Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup H
Haplogroup H
Type of	Y DNA
Appearance time	30000-20000 BC
Place of occurrence	Front asia
Ancestral group	Haplogroup F
Mutation Markers	M69, M52

H is the Y chromosome haplogroup . Most found in gypsies, as well as among the indigenous people of India .

Content

Subgroups

H

- H-M69 (M69)
  - H-M52 (M52)
    - H-M82 (M82)
      - H-M36 (M36, M197)
      - H-M97 (M97)
      - H-M39 (M39, M138)
    - H-M370 (M370)
  - H-Apt (Apt)
    - H-P80 (P80)
    - H-P266 (P266)

Ethnographic distribution

Gypsies make up about 60% ^[1] , which speaks in favor of the hypothesis of their Indian origin ^[2] . Often found in India (27%) ^[3] . Apparently, it was preserved from the Paleolithic local population, since in some settlements it reaches 35%, but it is less common in the upper castes (about 10%) ^[4] . This haplogroup is also found in Kalash (20.5%) ^[5] , Tajiks from Dushanbe (12.5%), Kurds from Turkmenistan (6%), Syrians (5%) ^[6] .

Paleogenetics

Subclade H2 was found in a representative of the pre-ceramic Neolithic B culture from Motsa (a suburb of Jerusalem) ^[7] , a representative of the Vinca culture ^[8], and a resident of Atapuerca (Spain) who lived in the Copper Age ^[9] .

Notes

↑ Pericic et al. 2005
↑ Gresham et al. 2001
↑ Hammer et al. 2005
↑ Cordaux et al. 2004, Sengupta et al. 2006, Thanseem et al. 2006
↑ Sadaf Firasat et al. (2007)
↑ Ornella Semino, Giuseppe Passarino, Peter J. Oefner, Alice A. Lin, Svetlana Arbuzova, Lars E. Beckman, Giovanna De Benedictis, Paolo Francalacci, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Svetlana Limborska, Mladen Marcikiæ, Anna Mika, Barbara Mika, Dragan A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A. Underhill, "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: AY Chromosome Perspective," Science , Vol 290, November 10, 2000.
↑ Iosif Lazaridis et al. The genetic structure of the world's first farmers, 2016.
↑ Mark Lipson et al. Parallel ancient genomic transects reveal complex population history of early European farmers , January 2017
↑ Torsten Günther et al. Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques , July 29, 2015

Literature

Alicia M. Cadenas, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Luca L. Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A. Underhill, and Rene J. Herrera: “Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman,” European Journal of Human Genetics , 2007.
R. Cordaux et al .: "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages." Current Biology , 2004, Vol. 14, p. 231–235
M. Regueiro et al. : “Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration,” Human Heredity , 2006, vol. 61, pp. 132-43.
S. Sengupta et al .: “Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists.” American Journal of Human Genetics , 2006, p. 202-221
I. Thamseem et al .: "Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: Inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA." BMC Genetics , 2006, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/7/42
Sadaf Firasat, Shagufta Khaliq, Aisha Mohyuddin, Myrto Papaioannou, Chris Tyler-Smith, Peter A Underhill and Qasim Ayub: “Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan.” European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) Vol. 15, p. 121-126. http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n1/full/5201726a.html
R. Spencer Wells, Nadira Yuldasheva, Ruslan Ruzibakiev, Peter A. Underhill, Irina Evseeva, Jason Blue-Smith, Li Jin, Bing Su, Ramasamy Pitchappan, Sadagopal Shanmugalakshmi, Karuppiah Balakrishnan, Mark Read, Nathaniel M. Pearson, Tatiana, Matthew T. Webster, Irakli Zholoshvili, Elena Jamarjashvili, Spartak Gambarov, Behrouz Nikbin, Ashur Dostiev, Ogonazar Aknazarov, Pierre Zalloua, Igor Tsoy, Mikhail Kitaev, Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Ashir Chariev, and Walter F. Bodmer: “The Eurasian Heart continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 98 (18); Aug 28, 2001

Links

ISOGG 2016 Y-DNA Haplogroup H

Y-chromosome Adam

A0-t

A00

A0

A1

A1a

A1b

A1b1

BT

B

CT

DE

CF

D

E

C

F

F1 F2 F3 GHIJK

G

Hijk

H

IJK

Ij

K

I

J

LT (K1)

K2

L (K1a)

T (K1b)

K2a / K2a1 / NO / NO1

K2b

N

O

K2b1

P (K2b2) / P1

S (K2b1a)

M (K2b1b)

Q

R

[1] Pericic et al. 2005

[2] Gresham et al. 2001

[3] Hammer et al. 2005

[4] Cordaux et al. 2004, Sengupta et al. 2006, Thanseem et al. 2006

[Firasat2007-5] Sadaf Firasat et al. (2007)

[Semino2000-6] Ornella Semino, Giuseppe Passarino, Peter J. Oefner, Alice A. Lin, Svetlana Arbuzova, Lars E. Beckman, Giovanna De Benedictis, Paolo Francalacci, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Svetlana Limborska, Mladen Marcikiæ, Anna Mika, Barbara Mika, Dragan A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A. Underhill, "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: AY Chromosome Perspective," Science , Vol 290, November 10, 2000.

[7] Iosif Lazaridis et al. The genetic structure of the world's first farmers, 2016.

[MLipson-8] Mark Lipson et al. Parallel ancient genomic transects reveal complex population history of early European farmers , January 2017

[9] Torsten Günther et al. Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques , July 29, 2015