B - Y-chromosome haplogroup . It is the most ancient, after A.
| Haplogroup B | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | Y DNA |
| Appearance time | 50,000 |
| Place of occurrence | Africa |
| Ancestral group | Haplogroup BT (Y-DNA) |
| Mutation Markers | M60, M181 |
Haplogroup B comes from the BT haplogroup mutation that occurred in a man who lived approx. 88,000 years ago. The last common ancestor of modern carriers of haplogroup B lived 84,800 years ago (dates were determined by snaps by YFull [1] ).
Ethnographic distribution
It is localized in Africa , in the Sahara region, especially closer to the west-central rainforests. Representatives are pygmies such as baka and mbuti ; and also the Hadza [2] people in Tanzania (52%) [3] , some residents of Sudan , Mali and other African states.
The B-M60 reaches 30% in South Sudan, 16% among the Haus people, 14% among the Nubians of Central Sudan, 3.7% of Northern Sudan (but only among Copts and Nubians), and 2.2% from Western Sudan. According to another study, haplogroup B was found in approximately 15% of Sudanese men, including 12.5% B2a1a-M109 / M152 and 2.5% B-M60 (xM146, M150, M112).
In Madagascar, the haplogroup B-M60 was found in approximately 9% of Malagasy men, including 6% B-M60 (xB2b-50f2 (P)) and 3% B2b-50f2 (P).
In the Khormozgan province of Iran, the haplogroup B-M60 was found in 8.2% of men from Keshma and 2.3% of men from Bandar Abbas .
In Afghanistan, the haplogroup B-M60 was found in 5.1% of Hazaras.
In the UK, haplogroup B-M60 (xM218) was found by FTDNA in 1 person.
Notes
- ↑ B YTree
- ↑ Tishkoff Sarah A., Katherine Gonder Mary, Henn Brenna M. et al. (2007). "History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation." Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (10): 2180–2195.
- ↑ Knight Alec, Underhill Peter A., Mortensen Holly M. et al. (March 2003). "African Y Chromosome and mtDNA Divergence Provides Insight into the History of Click Languages." Current Biology. 13: 464–473.
Links
| Y-chromosome Adam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A0-t | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A00 | A0 | A1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A1b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b1 | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 F2 F3 GHIJK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | Hijk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | IJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ij | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT (K1) | K2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L (K1a) | T (K1b) | K2a / K2a1 / NO / NO1 | K2b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | O | K2b1 | P (K2b2) / P1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S (K2b1a) | M (K2b1b) | Q | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||