The order of the poor is a monastic order , which is entirely dependent on people's alms for their livelihood. Such orders have no property , either private or public, and take a vow of poverty in order to devote all their energy and time to religious work.
Christian begging orders
Christian mendicant orders preach the Gospel and help the poor. The two main orders, founded by St. Dominic and St. Francis , were created to fight the Qatari heresy (in southern France and northern Italy , respectively), offering service to the Lord within society. They managed to get significant support from both ordinary citizens and aristocrats. The purpose of their missionary activity quickly became the cities where the parishes could no longer cope with the rate of population growth. In most medieval cities in Western Europe, regardless of size, there were representatives of one or several begging orders.
In the Middle Ages, the first begging orders for the brothers in the Church were:
- Franciscans (younger brothers, minorities; gray brothers), founded in 1209
- Carmelites (Hermits of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Carmel; white brothers), founded in 1206 - 1214
- Dominicans (Order of Preachers; Black Brothers), founded in 1215
- Augustins (Hermits of St. Augustine), founded in 1256
The Second Council of Lyons ( 1274 ) recognized these orders as "great" begging orders and banned many of the rest. The Council of Trent ( 1545 - 1563 ) freed them from a vow of poverty, removing restrictions on ownership of property. After that, all members of orders, except Franciscans and their offshoots - Capuchins , could own property collectively as monks.
Among the other orders are:
- The Order of the Most Holy Trinity ( Trinitarian ), founded in 1193
- The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, Mercedaria , was founded in 1218
- The Order of the Servants of Mary ( Servites ), founded in 1233
- Minima (Hermits of St. Francis of Paola), founded in 1435
- Capuchins (Order of the younger Capuchin brothers, a branch of Franciscans), founded in 1525
See also
- List of Catholic Orders and Congregations
- Ebionites - poor Judaizing Christians
- Dervish (pers. درویش - derviš - poor man, beggar)
- Fakir
- Bhikkhu
- Ascetic
- Working Poor - "working beggars"
- Poor
- Lumpen proletariat
- Workhouse
- "The Four Beggars "
Literature
- Uskov N. F. Monasticism // Dictionary of medieval culture. M., 2003, p. 320—331