Daimonius ( Greek δαιμονιον - “divine”) in the philosophy of Socrates is a philosophical concept known primarily from the written heritage of the disciples of Socrates , Plato and Xenophon and meaning an inner voice that at a decisive moment warns and thus prevents the company from which conceals the danger to bodily or moral well-being. [1] Individual daimonians who act as advisers are able to propose rational solutions in the common interest. [2] This quality was perceived in ancient Greece as something divine. In the student of Socrates Xenophon, daimonium is considered to be the art of divination , his other student Plato interpreted the daimonium as a conscience . [2]
Daimonium was described in several writings of Plutarch , first of all, in On the Daimony of Socrates . In his biography of Numa, Plutarch calls Zalevka , Zoroaster , Minos , Numa and Lycurgus as people to whom the deity appeared [3] , that is, who had a daimony. [four]
According to the philosopher of science Edgar Zilzel , the concept of "daimonies" is similar to the concept of genius in Roman culture: both of these concepts are the development of primitive animistic ideas about the soul and faith in spirits. [one]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Edgar Zilsel. Die Entstehung des Geniebegriffes: Ein Beitrag zur Ideengeschichte der Antike und des Frühkapitalismus. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1972, S. 12. (German)
- ↑ 1 2 Scheglov G.V., Archer V. Dictionary of Antiquity. - M .: Astrel, 2006, p. 112.
- ↑ Plutarch. Comparative biographies. Numa. 4 (Russian)
- ↑ Dr. Adolf Rapp. Die Religion und Sitte der Perser und übrigen Iraner nach der grichischen und römischen Quellen // Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 19. Band. - Leipzig, 1865, S. 22. (German)