Dendrobium

The name of the genus is derived from other Greek. δένδρον - tree and other Greek βίος - life. What can be translated as "living on a tree."

The genus was described in 1799 by the Swedish botanist Peter Olof Swartz .

According to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew ^[3] :

Sympodial plants with an extremely diverse shape and size of shoots. Shoots , usually cylindrical, ribbed or smooth, in many species thickened, as a rule, are covered with membranous sheaths of leaves, erect or drooping, from 1-2 cm to 5 m long.

The roots are well developed, covered with velamen .

Inflorescences are racemose, from single to multi-flowered, from straight to drooping, lateral or apical.

The leaves are narrow-lanceolate, elliptical, oblong or ovate, located throughout the stem or at the apex. Some species are dense, succulent . Species growing in climatic zones characterized by a dry deciduous season.

The flowers are diverse in size, shape and color. Some species have a pleasant aroma. A common feature for the entire genus is the base of the lip, rolled up around the column . The column is short, its base is extended into the so-called “leg”, to which the lateral sepals grow, forming a characteristic sack-shaped outgrowth in the form of a short blunt spur. Polliniev 4.

Tropical Asia , Oceania , Australia , New Zealand , New Guinea , China , Japan and the Philippines .
Epiphytes , less often lithophytes . Plain, foothill and mountain forests with more or less pronounced seasonal climate changes.

At present, 1000–1200 species are described. ^[four]

All species of the dendrobium genus are included in Appendix II of the CITES Convention. The purpose of the Convention is to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not endanger their survival.

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  Dendrobium albosanguineum

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  Dendrobium bigibbum

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  Dendrobium brymerianum

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  Dendrobium devonianum

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  Dendrobium heterocarpum

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  Dendrobium johannis

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  Dendrobium lituiflorum

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  Dendrobium longicornu

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  Dendrobium pulchellum

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  Dendrobium regium

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  Dendrobium taurinum

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  Dendrobium tetragonum

Temperature. Some authors ^[5] distinguish six conditional groups:

1. Plants of a moderate temperature group , which require a transition to a cool content with a night temperature of about 10 ° C and limited watering after the maturation of new shoots. ( Deciduous species : Dendrobium nobile , Dendrobium chrysanthum , Dendrobium wardianum ).

2. Plants of a moderate temperature group , which require a dry content since the fall, immediately after the development of new shoots. (Deciduous species: Dendrobium anosmum , Dendrobium findlayanum , Dendrobium heterocarpum , Dendrobium parishii , Dendrobium pierardii , etc.).

3. Plants of a moderate temperature group , which require a transition to a cool content with a night temperature of about 10 ° C without limitation of watering after the maturation of new shoots. ( Dendrobium aggregatum , Dendrobium chrisotoxum , Dendrobium densiflorum , Dendrobium farmeri , Dendrobium fimbriatum , Dendrobium moshatum , Dendrobium thyrsiflorum ).

4. Plants of a moderate temperature group that do not require a change in conditions in the winter, with the exception of short drying after completion of the development of new shoots. ( Dendrobium dearei , Dendrobium formosum , Dendrobium lyonii , Dendrobium infundibulum , Dendrobium macrophyllum , Dendrobium sanderae , Dendrobium schuetzei ).

5. Plants of a moderately warm temperature group with a night temperature of about 15 ° C, which do not require a significant change in conditions in the winter, with the exception of short drying after completion of the development of new shoots. ( Dendrobium gouldii , Dendrobium stratiotes , Dendrobium taurinum , Dendrobium undulatum , Dendrobium veratrifolium ).

6. Plants of a moderate temperature group with night temperatures between 15 ° C and 18 ° C, which require limitation of watering after completion of growth before the development of peduncles, normal watering during flowering, then again limited watering before rapid growth. ( Dendrobium phalaenopsis , Dendrobium superbiens ).

Substrate. Planting is carried out on blocks , or in pots with several drainage holes on the bottom, providing uniform drying of the substrate and in baskets for epiphytic plants.

When cultivated in pots, it is recommended to use expanded clay or pieces of polystyrene as drainage . The composition of the substrate is selected depending on the average relative humidity in the room and the frequency of irrigation. Dendrobiums during the growth period do not tolerate the complete drying of the substrate, but do not tolerate excessive moisture. The substrate for planting is prepared from a mixture of pieces of pine bark (from 1 to 3 cm), charcoal , mossphagnum and coconut chips (pressed and cut into pieces of palm fiber).
The amount of substrate components can be reduced to a single pine bark.

Top dressing with a special fertilizer for orchids or complex mineral fertilizer (in a concentration of 3-4 times less than recommended for indoor plants) once every 1-2 weeks.

Watering. Some species do not tolerate the accumulation of salts in the substrate and the velamen covering the roots. For irrigation, it is advisable to use water that has been purified by reverse osmosis with the addition of minimum doses of fertilizers.
When watering with hard water, plants require a more frequent transplant.

Many species of dendrobiums have a pronounced dormancy period, which can last up to six months. At this time, the plants are kept at a lower temperature and practically do not water.

Relative humidity Species common in culture contain at 50-80%. At lower humidity, problems with the development of young leaves and peduncles may be observed.

The light . Most species are photophilous enough, they require illumination of at least 10-15 kLk , but there are exceptions. Most of the problems with the lack of flowering of adult plants when kept in apartments is due to a lack of light or not observing the dormant period.

Since representatives of this genus grow in low latitudes , for normal development they need 12 hours of light day. ^[6]

With a strong aroma: Dendrobium anosmum , Dendrobium gibsonii , Dendrobium moniliforme , Dendrobium unicum , Dendrobium jonesii , Dendrobium cruentum , Dendrobium draconis .
The aroma is medium or weak: Dendrobium rhodostictum , Dendrobium spectatissimum , Dendrobium speciosum , Dendrobium forbesii , Dendrobium eximium , Dendrobium heterocarpum , Dendrobium aduncum , Dendrobium amethystoglossum , Dendrobendium dendrobium drobrobium drysrobium drysrobium chromiumoxidum Dendrobium findlayanum , Dendrobium lituiflorum , Dendrobium loddigesii , Dendrobium hancockii , Dendrobium crepidatum , Dendrobium cumulatum , Dendrobium leonis , Dendrobium nobile , Dendrobium ochreatum , Dendrobrobium Dendrobium , Dendrobrobium Dendrobium , Dendrobium Drobrobium , ^[7]

Hybrids based on the noble Dendrobium , Dendrobium phalaenopsis and Dendrobium bicorn are most common in culture. ^[eight]

• Ainsworthii = Den. aureum x Den. nobile 1874
• Agnus = Den. Gatton Belle x Den. Mont Blanc (1968)
• Angel Baby = Den. Snow Baby x Den. Snow Angel (1989) Registered by Takaki's
• Angel Flower = Den. Permos x Den. Regalsohma (1968)
• Aurora Heart = Den. Thwaitesiae x Den. Taketane (1969)
• Aussie's Hi-Lo = Den. cuthbertosonii x Den. laevifolium (1998) Spence
• Berry = Den. kingianum x Den. Mini Pearl (1983) Registered by Oda, M.
• Cassiope = Den. moniliforme x Den. nobile (1890) Registered by Cookson, NC
• Formidible = Den. formosum x Den. infundibulum (1967) Registered by Takagi, Sak.
• Glorious Rainbow = Den. Permos x Den. Valademos (1968)
• Gomangoku = Den. trigonopus x Den. senile (1992) Registered by Asai, M.
• Hatsushimo = Den. Suisei x Den. moniliforme (1982)
• Himezakura = Den. Oberon x Den. Cassiope (1995) Registered by Yamamoto, J.
• Illusion = Den. lawesii x Den. cuthbertsonii (1997)
• Maihime = Den. Otohime x Den. Milky Way (1979)
• Mayumi = Den. Kuniko x Den. victoriae-reginae (1991)
• Milky Way = Den. Oborozuki x Den. Angel Flower (1974)
• Mountain Magic = Den. pseudoglomeratum x Den. cuthbertsonii (1996)
• Nestor = Den. superbum x Den. parishii
• Oborozuki = Den. Aurora Heart x Den. September Moon (1969)
• Orion = Den. Permos x Den. Valamissko (1968) Registered by Yamamoto, J.
• Otohime = Den. Oborozuki x Den. Glorious Rainbow (1972)
• Permer = Den. Regina x Den. Ikeda (1968)
• Thongchai Gold . One of the main species used to create was Den. bigibbum ^[9] .
• Thwaitesiae = Dendrobium Ainsworthii x Dendrobium Wiganiae 1903
• Rainbow Dance = Den. Kurenai x Den. unicum (1988) Registered by Takaki's
• Sao Paulo = Den. Ailing x Den. Orion (1972) Registered by Yamamoto, J.
• Snowflake = Den. Cassiope x Den. nobile (1904) Registered by Colman
• Specio-kingianum = Den. kingianum x Den. speciosum (1892)
• Stardust = Den. unicum x Den. Ukon 1986.
• Valademos = Den. Valadeva x Den. Permos (1968)
• Ukon = Den. moniliforme x Dendrobium Thwaitesiae 1979
• Wiganiae = Den. nobile x Den. signatum 1896
• Yonezawa Prince = Den. Indoyo x Den. Gatton Prince (1988)
• Zuiko = Den. Gatton Prince x Den. Melanodiscus (1975)

Dendrobium amoenum leaves are used in Chinese medicine to treat skin diseases, Australian aborigines use green Dendrobium aurantiacum leaves in decoctions and tinctures. In China, Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium chrysanthum are used as an immunoregulatory component of phyto mixtures. The tonic effect is inherent in the leaves of Dendrobium densiflorum , in Japan, a paste of leaves of Dendrobium fimbriatum is applied to the skin at the site of bone fractures. Tinctures and decoctions of leaves of Dendrobium loddigesii help with fever and are used in the treatment of certain types of cancer; dry shoots of Dendrobium moniliforme in the form of a decoction or tinctures are popular in Taiwan and China as an antipyretic, tonic and analgesic. Shoots of Dendrobium nobile , used for violations of the gastrointestinal tract, as a diuretic and for fevers. It is known about the calming effect of decoctions and tinctures from the leaves of Dendrobium tosaense . Thus, the high biological activity of preparations based on representatives of this genus of orchids is known, although the antioxidant properties of extracts of these plants have not yet been practically studied ^[10] .

• Dried pseudobulbs of the Grastidium section dendrobium are used by residents of the Oro province of Papua New Guinea as a headdress in traditional ceremonies, as well as bracelets and other jewelry .
• In order to attract the attention of the opposite sex, Dendrobium armeniacum is used , the dried seed boxes of which are worn on the neck. They emit a smell whose action is probably similar to pheromones . Seed boxes of this species had a very strong spicy smell . It is not known whether this smell is natural, or obtained as a result of a special treatment similar to that to which, for example, vanilla pods are subjected ^[11] .

“Wedderburn returned from London somewhat excited. He came with a purchase! It rarely happened that he immediately decided, but this time he decided immediately and bought it.
“This is Wanda,” he went over the purchased orchids, “this is the Dendrobium, and here are several species of the Paleonophis.”
Herbert Wells . Blooming unusual orchids. translation by G. Pechersky. 1979, The Truth.

“Wolfe never tried to deny that he was conceited. This explains the fact that he led to the greenhouse to admire the orchids of people who were in a strong nervous tension. He acted indifferently, but I saw that, watching their delight, he himself enjoyed.
Byula lived up to his expectations. The glow of the Cattleya stunned her, but the dendrobiums and phalaenopsis finished her off completely. She just stood with her mouth open and looked around. "
Rex Stout Before I die. 1994

Also, dendrobiums are mentioned in the following Rex Stout novels: Murder by the rules, Spearhead, Glass of champagne, Banal murder, Through my corpse and Black Mountain.

• Belitsky I.V. Orchids. Practical advice on growing, caring and protecting against pests and diseases. Ed. AST, 2001 ISBN 5-17-004583-2
• Morozov V., Orchids. Tutorial indoor floriculture. Publisher: Neva, 2003 ISBN 5-7654-2237-3
• Hedgehog Zdenek, Orchids. Illustrated Encyclopedia. Publisher: Labyrinth, 2005 ISBN 5-9287-1134-4
• Kolomeytseva G.L., Gerasimov S.O. Orchids. Ed. Fount-Books, 2005 ISBN 5-93395-098-X
• Bechtel, H., P. Cribb, and E. Launert. 1980. Manual of cultivated orchid species. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
• Baker Margaret L., Baker Charles O. 1996. Orchid Species Culture; Dendrobium. ISBN 978-0-88192-366-7
• Clements, MA 2003. Molecular phylogenetic systematics in the Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on Dendrobium section Pedilonum. Telopea 10: 247-298.
• Clements, MA 2006. Molecular phylogenetic systematics in Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae). Aliso 22: 465-480.
• Clements, MA and DL Jones. 1997. A preliminary taxonomic review of Grastidium Blume and Eriopexis (Schltr.) Brieger (Orchidaceae). Lasianthera 1: 52 - 198.
• Hawkes, AD (1965) 1987. Encyclopaedia of cultivated orchids. Faber and Faber, London.
• Bill Lavarack, Wayne Harris, Geoff Stocker. Dendrobium and Its Relatives. Timber Press, 2006. ISBN 0-88192-805-4
• Wood, HP 2006. The Dendrobiums. ARG Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.

• viewports and photographs on the Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia website
• viewports and photographs on the Native Orchids website
• Orchid Species Culture. Charles and Margaret Baker
• Dendrobium Taxonomy at Tropicos
• Genealogy of hybrids at Sat Orchid.or.jp (English)
• Dendrobium Species (photos of representatives of various sections of the genus)