Mark ( Spanish Marca , German Mark , French Marche , from the Latin “margo” - “ land ”) - in its original meaning, the boundary of private property or state territory; a derivative of the word Marchio is a border region of the Carolingian Empire. At the head of the brand was a margrave . Accordingly, the border provinces were called the brand ( Dänemark - Denmark , Steiermark - Styria ). Already in the 7th century, the word brand also received a different, figurative meaning: that was the name of the district, located within certain borders and containing various kinds of possessions, consisting of both communal and private property.
Content
Stamps created by Charlemagne
The first brands were created by Karl the Great :
- Spanish brand - for protection against Arabs in northern Spain
- Breton mark - for protection against Breton
- - for protection against Danes
- Saxon brand - for protection against rims
- Thuringian brand - for protection against sorbes
- Franconian brand - for protection against Czechs
- Avar brand - for protection against avars
- Pannonian brand - for protection against Moravians
- Upper Pannonian mark
- Lower panone stamp
- Friulian brand
Stamps created by the successors of Charlemagne
France
- Septiman stamp
- Gothic brand
- Brand of Flanders , later Duchy of Flanders
- Provence brand
- Neustrian brand
Germany
- Schleswig brand
- Billung brand
- East Saxon brand (Hero brand)
- North Mark (Mark of North Saxony)
- Brandenburg brand
- Luzhitsky stamp
- Verhneluzhytska brand
- Lower Luzhitsky brand
- Meissen stamp
- North Mark (Mark of North Saxony)
- Moravian stamp
- Eastern (Eastern Bavarian) mark , later Austrian mark
- Quarantine stamp
- Carinthian stamp
- Styrian stamp
- Carniol brand
Italy
- Verona stamp
- Spoleta brand
- Hebrew stamp
- Turin brand
- Tuscian (Tuscan) stamp
- Ancon brand
- Kanos stamp
- Trevis stamp
- Monferrat brand
England
In England, the so-called "ceremonial" counties had stamp status.
- Cheshire
- Herefordshire
- Durham
- Welsh Mark (County March)
China
The concept of mark is sometimes used in Western Sinology in relation to the specific principalities (e.g., go ep. Han)