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Nonet ( Italian. Nonetto from Lat. Nonus - ninth ) - in academic music, an ensemble of 9 performers (each has an independent part) or a composition for such a cast.

The relatively stable configuration of the instruments in the netta is built on the balance between stringed and wind instruments: flute , oboe , clarinet , bassoon , trumpet (or horn ), violin , viola , cello and double bass . For such a composition written, in particular:

• Big nonet in F major by Ludwig Spur ( 1813 )
• Nonet Georges Onslo Op. 77 ( 1846 )
• Nonet Louise Farranc Op. 38 ( 1850 )
• Nonet in F minor by Franz Lachner ( 1875 )
• Nonet Josef Rheinberger Op. 139 ( 1884 )
• The cycle of three pieces “Eternal Movements” ( fr. Mouvements perpétuels ) by Francis Poulenc ( 1918 ; there are also editions for piano and for chamber orchestra)
• Nonet Tibor Kharshany ( 1930 )
• Nonet number 2 Bohuslav Martinu ( 1959 )

The piano was introduced by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor nonet ( 1894 , instead of flute) and Nonet No. 1 of Bohuslav Martin ( 1925 , instead of double bass). Alexey Zhivotov in Fragments for nonet ( 1929 ) introduces not only the piano instead of the double bass, but also the second violin instead of the oboe. In Carl Czerny’s nonet ( 1850 ), the string section is reinforced with a second violin, a piano is added, and the brass section is limited to a clarinet, a bassoon, and an English horn . Anton Webern in the Concerto for nine instruments ( him. Konzert für neun Instrumente ; 1931 - 1934 ) sought to balance copper and wooden sound (flute, oboe, clarinet vs. trumpet, trombone, French horn), introducing the piano and restricting strings with violin and viola, and Zhivotova’s teacher, Vladimir Shcherbachev, in his Nonet ( 1919 ) added not only flute, harp , piano and female vocals (without words) to the string quartet, but also, as a ninth instrument, a ballet part (at the first performances, the famous ballerina Olga Transfiguration ).

In the 20th century, more bizarre combinations were also encountered: for example, the famous Nonet “A brief impression of the whole of Brazil” ( port. Impressão rápida do todo o Brasil ; 1923 ) Heitor Villa-Lobosa was written for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone , piano, harps, celesta and percussion (and the composition of the used percussion instruments requires three performers) with the addition of a mixed choir to the instrumental set ^[1] .

Only for wind instruments are written Six Minuets ( 1811 ) and “Little Mourning Music” ( German: Eine kleine Trauermusik ; 1812 ) by Franz Schubert and “Little Symphony” by Charles Gounod ( 1885 ; flute, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons and two trumpets ). Roberto Gerhard in his Nonet ( 1956 ) added a four-piece wooden and four brass bass accordion .

Only for strings, Aaron Copland nonetas ( 1960 ; three violins, three viola and three cellos) and Olly Mustonen (No. 1, 1995 , and No. 2, 2000 ; four violins, two violas, two cellos and double bass) were written.

Of the performing ensembles, consisting of nine musicians, the most famous Czech nonet , founded in 1924 and performing to this day. Especially for him, nonethes (in addition to the second nonet who dedicated to the collective Martin) were composed by Czech composers Josef Bohuslav Förster , Alois Gaba , Isha Krejci , and also Lithuanian composer Hieronymus Kaczynskas ^[2] .

Occasionally the name "nonet" is used by jazz musicians. Known, in particular, formed in 1948 by nonet Miles Davis and modern nonet saxophonists under the leadership of Joe Lovano .