Petrovsky Park (Moscow)

Until 1917

In 1774, after the festivities on the Khodynsky field in honor of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhiysky world, Catherine II , pleased with the past celebrations, commissioned M. Kazakov to build a stone palace near the village of Petrovskoye-Zykovo , which was located on the St. Petersburg highway. The Petrovsky Palace was designed by Kazakov in the “Turkish style” as well as pavilions for celebrations on the Khodynsky field. Construction continued from 1775 to 1782 . The Petrovsky Palace was the last stop at the entrance of the Tsarist train to Moscow.

In 1812, the headquarters of Napoleon I was located in the palace.

In 1827, during the restoration of Moscow after the war of 1812, it was decided to turn the territory near the Petrovsky Palace into a landscape park. To do this, the cottages surrounding the palace were bought out, and the wasteland adjacent to it by Maslova. General A. A. Bashilov , director of the commissions for buildings, supervised the construction, the work was entrusted to the architect I.T. Tamansky . Tamansky also led the restoration of the Petrovsky Palace, which suffered in 1812. According to the project of architect A. A. Menelas , a pond was dug, dams were built, a road was made to the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft , three alleys diverging from the palace: Naryshkinskaya , Lipovaya and Petrovskaya; they enlarged and improved the central clearing, turning it into a Palace alley . For the invalids of the Patriotic War of 1812, special pavilions in the Gothic style were built. Initially, the park occupied an area of ​​65 hectares.

Petrovsky Park has become a popular place for festivities. Until the middle of the 19th century, it was forbidden to maintain taverns and inns on the territory of Petrovsky Park. According to the project of architect M.D. Bykovsky , a wooden summer theater was built along the axis of the Palace Alley in 1835 ^[2] , and in 1836-1837 the so-called voxal building ^[3] was built in the image of the Grog’s voxals that had not been preserved by then Neskuchny garden and Medoksa in the Taganskaya part .

In the first half of the 19th century, the park also became a prestigious aristocratic summer residence. By decree of Nicholas I of 1836, plots from the Tverskaya Zastava to Petrovsky Park were allocated for the construction of cottages; the owners were provided with an interest-free loan of 5 thousand rubles for ten years, subject to "completion of the construction in three years of a two-story house of good architecture with a mezzanine, mezzanines and under an iron roof." M.D. Bykovsky developed dacha projects in a variety of styles. In the middle of the 19th century, a strip of summer cottages advanced east and covered the park from the north; in the second half of the XIX century, cottages were built in the direction of the village of Vsekhsvyatsky - here appeared the cottages of I.V. Morozov (1895; architect F.O. Shekhtel) and N.P. Ryabushinsky ( Villa "Black Swan" ).

From Ilyinsky Gate to Petrovsky Park rulers regularly walked. In 1899, the first electric tram line in the city opened - from Strastnoy Boulevard to the park.

Yar and Strelna

In the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the famous Yar restaurants were built on the territory of the park (in 1836 Bashilov rented his house to the French restaurateur Tranquille Yar) and Strelna with the summer branch of Mauritania (appeared later), as well as the restaurant Eldorado ” , owned by the merchant Ilya Arefievich Skalkin.

"Strelna", created by I.F. Natruskin, was one of the sights of the then Moscow - it had a huge winter garden. Hundred-year-old tropical trees, grottoes, cliffs, fountains, gazebos and, as it should be, around classrooms , where there are all kinds of choirs ^[4] .

At the end of the 19th century, the green spaces of the park were greatly reduced due to the development of summer cottage construction. Only in 1907, Nicholas II forbade distributing the lands of Petrovsky Park for summer cottages.

Place of Execution

On September 5, 1918 , immediately after the Bolshevik authorities declared red terror , the Moscow Cheka held a public demonstration shooting of hostages from representatives of the highest officials of the former Russian Empire in Petrovsky Park. In total, up to 80 people were executed. Among others, the Minister of Internal Affairs N. A. Maklakov , A. N. Khvostov , the former Minister of Justice I. G. Shcheglovitov , the last chairman of the State Council, Archpriest John Vostorgov and others, were shot dead. As the witness to the shooting Sergey Kobyakov recalled ^[5] :

They shot everyone in Petrovsky Park. The execution was committed in public. The Chekists shouted the names of the executed. Pointing to Shcheglovitov, they shouted: “Here is a former tsarist minister who spilled the blood of workers and peasants all his life ...” ... After the execution, all those executed were robbed

Dynamo Stadium

In the subsequent period, reservoirs were filled up. A large area of ​​the park was allocated for the construction of the Dynamo stadium , built here in 1928.

• Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1844–1847), architect Fedor Richter
• Villa of Nikolai Ryabushinsky “ Black Swan ” (1908), architect Vladimir Adamovich
• Church of the Holy Martyr Vladimir Medvedyuk and the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia (2000—2018), architect Sergey Kuznetsov

• Peter's Palace

• Article in the Literary Newspaper (inaccessible link)
• Church of the Annunciation in Petrovsky Park
• Photo of the Church of the Holy Martyr Vladimir Medvedyuk and the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in Petrovsky Park