C5 Electronics

The first general-purpose microcomputer in the USSR. Intended for mass automation of processes in the national economy. The development was completed in 1974.

The computer is completely domestic development. For it was created a new element base - microprocessor kit 536 series. ^[1] The design is multi-paid.

Multi-board microcomputer.

Single board microcomputer. Production began in 1976.

Single-board microcomputer based on a multichip 16-bit microprocessor, on a 260 × 280 mm board. Improved version of "Electronics C5-11", increased RAM to 128 16-bit words and ROM to 2048 16-bit words. Speed ​​- 10 thousand operations per second. It was planned to connect additional functional modules - ADC, interface to input-output devices from punched tape, pairing with a teletype and so on.

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  Electronics C5-12 top view

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  Electronics C5-12 bottom view

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  C5-12 electronics board on top

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  Electronics C5-12 board bottom

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  C5-12 electronics marking

Modules C5-12

Source ^[2] :

• "Electronics C5-121" is a 15-channel ADC for DC input voltages from −10 to + 10V; conversion error not more than 0.4%; conversion time not more than 0.1 s
• "Electronics C5-122" - Digital inputs-outputs, the voltage levels of which are consistent with the output level of the TTL circuits: the number of inputs is 4 bytes; number of outputs 4 bytes
• "Electronics C5-123" - Interface with input-output devices from punched tapes: photo reader FS-1501; punchers PL-80 or PL-150
• "Electronics C5-124" - Pairing with the teletype type PTA-6 (PTA-7; PTA-60; T-63; STA-2M)
• "Electronics C5-125A" - RAM of 2048 16-bit words
• "Electronics S5-125B" - RAM volume of 4096 16-bit words
• "Electronics C5-126" - Display adapter for output to the video monitoring device of the television type "Kvant-M" information from the memory of a micro-computer
• "System Operator Console" - provides operator interaction with the microcomputer-controlled system in the form language
• VKU "Kvant-M" - a video monitor of a television shooting gallery based on a CRT 16LK2B is designed to work with the "C5-126" module when displaying information from a micro-computer
• "Electronics P5-EPROM" - reprogrammable permanent memory with electrical change of information, information capacity of 1024 16-bit words.

A microcomputer based on a single-chip 16-bit N-MOP microprocessor K586BM1 (old name K586IK1). Microprocessor developer - A. V. Palagin.

• The processor "Electronics MS2716". The processor K586VM1.
  • Digitality - 16 bits
  • The number of basic teams is 31, the command system is the same for the “Electronics C5” family.
  • Clock frequency - 2 MHz
  • Speed ​​- approximately 200 thousand commands register-register per second
  • 16 general purpose registers for each of 16 tasks
  • Addressable memory size - 32K 16-bit words (64 KB)
  • Built-in RAM - 512 bytes (four K586RU1 chips with a capacity of 256 4-bit words each)
  • The volume of the built-in ROM is 4096 bytes (two K586PE1 chips with a capacity of 1024 16-bit words, a sample time of 350 ns)
  • 64 parallel channels, four K586BB1 type microcircuits, each of which has a tunable 8-bit structure and two 8-bit I / O channels
  • Eight K155IE7 microcircuits forming a frequency grid
  • Power consumption - not more than 20 W

The processor can execute a “core” of 16 instructions in hardware, the remaining 15 instructions are executed by firmware. The total number of teams with modifications - 256

The processor module "Electronics C5-21" contains two channels of MPI , the first channel is used for communication with local input-output devices, and the second - for inter-machine communication in multiprocessor complexes and for communication with shared devices.

C5-21 and C5-21M (MS 2716) differ significantly from each other in output signals, including their designations.

Modules C5-21

• Interface module with analog sensors "Electronics C5-2101" - 32 channels (-5 .. + 5V). Conversion time to 11-bit code: DC signals - 200µs; AC 50Hz - 10ms.
• Interface module with digital sensors "Electronics C5-2102" - 12 8-bit I / O channels, 6 consecutive I / O channels.
• Interface module teletype "Electronics C5-2103" - K586BB1, K190KT2
• Module RAM "Electronics C5-2105" - 16K 16-bit words, K535RU3
• The module of the display adapter "Electronics C5-2106" - controls the video monitoring devices of the type "BK23V60" and "Electronics K2-01"
• The module of the “C5-2107 Electronics” software debugging console is an indicator-key device, contains a keyboard block with 36 keys and a 10-digit 7-segment indicator.
• Module PROM "Electronics C5-2108" - 4K 16-bit words, KR556RT5
• Interface module with analog information sensors "Electronics C5-2109" - ADC: 8 channels −5 .. + 5V. It is executed according to the scheme of consecutive approximation on K572PA1A and K155IR17. Input switches on K590KN1. Conversion time - no more than 200µs. D / A converter: 4 channels −5 .. + 5V, 10 bits and a sign, the conversion time is 25 μs. Completed on 4 pcs. K572PA1A.
• The module of a multifunctional digital adapter with the connection diagram of the GMD-7012 "Electronics C5-2112"
• Module EPROM "Electronics S5-2113A" K586RE1 8K × 16bit, the sampling time - 2.4mks, 8 pcs. ROM K573RF2, sampling time - 1mks.

It is a C5-21M version for special (military) use. From C5-21M differs in the use of microcircuits with military acceptance, without the use of microcircuits in plastic cases.

Includes modules:

• Functional module "Electronics C5-2200"
• Module CVV "Electronics C5-2202"
• Adapter for photo reader, punched tape punch and teletype machine "Electronics C5-2203"
• Module RAM "Electronics C5-2205"
• Module ROM "Electronics C5-2213"
• Display Adapter "Electronics C5-2206"
• Remote "Electronics C5-2107"

The system is based on a single-chip 16-bit microcontroller K1827BE1. ^[3]

"Electronics SMS121". The system is based on the K1801 series microprocessor set with MPI interface. The command system is PDP-11 (“Electronics 60”, OST 11.305.909-82). The controller is made on the board of 114.5 × 220 mm and consists of a base unit, in addition there are 4 seats for the installation of functional and structural modules (FCM). The basic functional fragment (BFF) of MK "Electronics SMS12102.1" contains:

• single-chip microprocessor K1801VM1, implementing the command system of the microcomputer "Electronics 60";
• static RAM K1809RU1 with a capacity of 1024 × 16 bits;
• mask ROM K1809RE1 with a capacity of 4K × 16 bits with resident software;
• socket for installation of LSI K1809RU1, K1809RE1 or K573RFZ (PROM capacity 4K × 16);
• radial serial communication interface (IRPS) based on the BIS K1801VP1-035;
• trunk communication interface based on BIS K1809BB2;

The range of functional and constructive modules (FCM) includes:

Single-chip 16-bit microcomputer.

• System commands: "Electronics C5", a subset of the 27 basic commands
• The number of interrupt levels - 5
• Built-in RAM - 128 16-bit words
• Built-in ROM - 1024 16-bit words
• Speed ​​- 250 thousand operations register-register per second at a clock frequency of 2.5 MHz
• N-MOS technology
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Used as a control controller in hardware. For example, in the tape recorder "Wilma 100 Stereo", pulse meter "Electronics 01C".

Single-chip microcontroller with integrated ROM.

• Built-in RAM - 128 16-bit words
• Built-in ROM - 1024 16-bit words
• Number of I / O channels - 35
• Speed ​​- 500,000 short operations per second
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Used as a built-in controller for controlling instrumentation. As part of the module "Electronics MS 2703" was used to control colorimeters KFK-2 MP, MKMF-02, spectrophotometer SF46.

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  MS 2703 front view

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  MS 2703 rear view

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  MS 2703 PCB

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  MS 2703 and K1827BE1.

On the basis of К1827ВЕ1 one of the models of the electric chamomile typewriter (PELP 305-03) was built. When turned on, it displays the message “P1827”.

All microcomputers of the "Electronics C5" series (except for "Electronics C5-41") are 16-bit microcomputer software-compatible. A computer can address 2 ¹⁶ memory cells. External I / O devices are addressed in a common memory field in the area of ​​higher 4Kb.

A micro-computer has 16 software-accessible 16-bit registers . However, the zero register is a command counter, and the other three are used as the “interrupted task register”, “firmware address register”, and “protection register”. Thus, 12 common 16-bit registers are available for use.

Registers also have a display in the initial memory area in the form of 16 consecutive cells. The offset to the location of the common registers in memory indicates a 4-bit "task number register". To speed up the system, part of the RAM for registering is often performed on a processor chip rather than mainly RAM. These memory areas can be accessed as normal cells, except for the set of registers (cells) of the current task.

There is also a carry bit, called the “link register” and a special two-bit “result feature register”, which takes one of 4 values. These registers are set after the execution of most arithmetic commands. Usually the value of the attributes of the result has the following meaning: 0 - the result is zero; 1 - the result is less than zero; 2 - the result is greater than zero; 3 - there is an overflow.

The command system of a micro-computer contains 31 basic commands. K586BE1 can execute a subset of 27 basic commands.

The command system is two-address. The first operand is always the internal processor register, there is no dedicated battery . The second operand also contains the register number, but, depending on the characteristics of the command, the second register can serve as a cumulative register, index register, address register, address register with automatic modification. If the command counter (register 0) with signs of indirect addressing and autogrowing is specified as the second register, this form allows using constants from the command memory in the operation (like PDP-11 , the type of indirect addressing with autoincrement with PC (R7) + register).

Cross-systems were used for programming on M-220 and BESM-6 machines.

• M. P. Halperin, V. Ya. Kuznetsov, Yu. A. Maslenikov, V. E. Pankin, V. P. Tsvetov, A. I. Borovskaya. Micro-computer "Electronics C5" and their application. - Moscow: “Soviet Radio”, 1980. - 160 p. - (Mass library of the engineer "Electronics").
• E.P. Balashov, D.V. Puzankov. Microprocessors and microprocessor systems: Proc. manual for universities / ed. V. B. Smolova. - Moscow: Radio and Communication, 1981. - p. 307-311. - 328 s.
• S.A. Gamkrelidze, A.V. Zavyalov, P.P. Maltsev, V.G. Sokolov. Digital information processing based on high-speed LSIs / Ed. V.G. Domracheva. - Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1988. - 136 p.
• V. S. Borisov, A. A. Vasenkov, B. M. Malashevich and others. Microprocessor-based sets of integrated circuits: Composition and structure: Handbook / Ed. A. A. Vasenkova, V. A. Shakhnov. - Moscow: Radio and Communication, 1982. - T. 31. - 192 p. - (Mass library of the engineer "Electronics").
• I. Z. Kominarov, L. V. Molodtsova, A. V. Samoshchenko, S. V. Teplitsky, A. A. School. Software complex functional diagnostics microcomputer "Electronics S5-21M" // Microprocessor-based tools and systems. - 1987. - № 2 . - pp . 14-17 .
• Industry standard OCT11-305.905-81. Microprocessor computing facilities. Software. The command system of a series of electronic computers "Electronics C5".
• Halperin MP Single-board microcomputers and microcontrollers // Microprocessor-based tools and systems. - 1984. - № 2 .
• Galperin M. P., Ginter A. V., Gorodetsky V. V., Evzovich I. S., Kuznetsov V. Ya., Pukhova M. L. “S5-41 Electronics” Single Board Microcontrollers // Microprocessor-based Means and Systems. - 1984. - № 2 .

• C5-21 electronics