Vyshnevolotsky Uyezd is an administrative-territorial unit of the Tver province within the Russian Empire and the RSFSR . The county town is Vyshny Volochek .
| Vyshnevolotsky County | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| A country |  Russian empire | ||||
| Province | Tver province | ||||
| County town | Upper volochek | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Date of formation | 1772 | ||||
| Date of Abolition | |||||
| Square | 8 148.9 sq. M. verst. km² | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | 235.8 thousand inhabitants ( 1913 ) | ||||
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Geography
The county was located in the north of the Tver province . In the north-west it bordered on the Novgorod province . By area, the county occupied the first place in the province and had an area of 8,148.9 square meters. verst . The surface is hilly; the spurs of the Valdai Mountains cut the county along its entire length and serve as a watershed of the Volga and Baltic basins. Marshes in the county up to 23 thousand dessiatins .; of which the most extensive are located along the line of the Nikolaev railway. dor. (between the stations of Spirovo and Volochok). These swamps are peaty. Peat of high quality and in 1 soot. thickness, but due to the cheapness of wood fuel was little developed. Lakes in county 202; they occupy an area of 21 tons dess. There are many rivers in the county; they are of great economic importance as waterways and serve for the rafting of forests; on the banks of many of them there are good floodplains. Half of the county is in soil terms in conditions that are not favorable for agriculture, 1/7 in tolerable and more than 1/3 in good. In addition to peat, the county has a lot of limestone, white sand (sold to glass factories), and clay.
History
The county was formed in 1772 as part of the Novgorod province , since 1775 in the Tver governorship (since 1796 - the province). In 1929, Vyshnevolotsky Uyezd was abolished, its territory became part of the Tver District of the Moscow Region.
Population
At the end of the 19th century, there were 1574 settlements in the county, including 1 city, 11 villages at the railway stations, 5 monasteries (2 male, 1 female, with 2 female communities), 54 villages, 14 graveyards, 1,053 villages and a settlement and 436 other villages. The largest villages (excluding the city of Vyshny Volochek ): Spirovo station (1500 inhabitants) and the village of Kolomno (1 209 inhabitants). Residents in the county in 1863 - 140.9 thousand people. (without Vyshny Volochok ), in 1886 - 172,791 people, in 1913 - 235.8 thousand people. Russian - 124 857 people, Karelian - 31 660 people, other nationalities - 393 people, including 244 Estonians who began to settle in the western part of the county in 1884. 98.7% of the population are Orthodox . Peasants in the county - 151 852 people.
Economics
Since the beginning of the XVIII century, one of the main occupations of the population was the maintenance of the Vyshnevolotsk system , as well as the construction of ships, timber trade, pottery (Fedorovskaya volost), cadushechny (Yasenovichi volost) and other crafts. After the construction of Nikolaev railway , shipping along the Vyshnevolotsk system sharply decreased, otkhodnichestvo spread in the county, construction of industrial enterprises began. From stations of the Nikolaev and Rybinsk-Bologovsky railways, forest and oats were dispensed to St. Petersburg. Fish farming on numerous lakes (Lake Mstino - slug ). Among the corrals of the Zaborov volost industrial gardening (apples and cherries). Sawmills, glassworks.
Administrative Division
In 1913, there were 25 volosts in Vyshnevolotsky district [1] :
- Borzynskaya, the center - with. Greyhounds .
- Domoslavskaya - d. Domoslavl .
- Dorkskaya - d. Dorki .
- Zaborovskaya - d. Dense .
- Kazikinskaya - d. Kazikino .
- Kozlovskaya - d. Kozlovo .
- Kuznetsovskaya —s. Yakonovo .
- Kuzminskaya - d. Old Row
- Lugininskaya - d. Luginino .
- Makarovskaya - d. Makarovo .
- Mikhailovskaya Kopachevo .
- Nikulinskaya - d. Nikulino .
- Ovsishchinskaya —s. Vegetables .
- Osechenskaya - posog. Mystery .
- Paryevskaya —— Courtyards .
- Peschaninskaya - d. Town .
- Poddubskaya —s. Borrow .
- Podolskaya - d. Hem
- Raevskaya is a polust. Malyshevo .
- Staro-Posonskaya —s. Old .
- Stolopovskaya - d. Sloboda .
- Udomelsko-Ryadskaya - d. A row .
- Kholokholenskaya - d. Holocholenka .
- Yasenovskaya —s. Spas-Yasenovichi .
- Yashchinskaya —s. Yashchino .
In police terms, the county was divided into four camps:
- 1st camp, new apartment Berezhek .
- The 2nd camp, the apartment of the city of Vyshny Volochek .
- 3rd camp, a flat to them. Eremkovo .
- 4th camp, flat with. Spirova .
By the end of 1918, the number of volosts increased to 31 due to Berezovskaya, Maryinskaya, Olekhnovskaya, Pavlovskaya, Petrovskaya and Spirovskaya, formed as a result of the disaggregation of the existing ones.
By a resolution of the Tver Provincial Executive Committee of May 30, 1922, the boundaries of volosts changed (with their enlargement):
- Peschanitskaya volost was included in the Spirovskaya,
- Domoslavskaya and seven villages of the Yashchinsky volost - in the Kholokholenskaya,
- Borzynsky volost - as part of Yasenovskaya,
- Mikhailovsky volost - in the Udomel-Ryadskaya,
- Pavlovsky volost - in the structure of Peryevskaya, one village of which was included in the Kuzminsky volost,
- six villages of the Stolopov volost - to Makarovskaya, the rest - to Raevskaya,
- Peter's volost, as well as 15 villages of Raevskaya and three villages of Poddubskaya - part of Lugininsky,
- Berezovskaya, Kozlovskaya, Maryinsky volosts and seven villages of Peschaninsky - into the Nikulinsky,
- Ovsischenskaya and Olekhnovskaya volosts are part of the Osechensky volost.
The composition of the Spirovsky volost included nine villages of the Obudovskaya volost of Novotorzhsky district.
The Vyshnevolotsky district included Lopatinsky and Mikhailovskaya volosts of the Vesyegonsky district of the Rybinsk province, as well as the villages of Fedorikha and Agryzskovo of the Ramensky volost of Novotorzhsky district.
In July 1922, Lopatinsky volost was annexed to Mikhailovskaya.
In 1923, as part of the county there were 19 townships: Dorsk, Zaborovskaya, Kazikinskaya, Kuznetsovskaya, Kuzminska, Luguninskaya, Makarovskaya, St. Michael, Nikulinskaya, Osechenskaya, Parevskaya, Poddubsky, Raevskaya, Spirovska, Staropasonskaya, Udomelsky-Ryadskaya, Holoholenskaya, Yasenovskaya, Yaschinskaya.
By the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of March 20, 1924 and the Presidium of the Tver Provincial Executive Committee of March 28, 1924, the following were liquidated: Dorskaya, Zaborovskaya, Lugininskaya, Makarovskaya, Nikulinskaya, Osechenskaya, Poddubskaya, Raevskaya, Staropronskaya, Kholokolenskaya, Yashchinsky volosts. The following groups have been enlarged: Kuznetsovskaya, Paryevskaya, Udomelsko-Ryadskaya and Yasenovskaya, restored within the new borders: Kozlovskaya and Ovsischenskaya volosts, and two new ones were created - Brusovskaya and Vyshnevolotskaya.
The Kuznetsov volost included the Ivanovo volost of the Ostashkovsky district. At the same time, a number of villages from the Makarov, Mikhailovsky and Raevsky volosts were transferred to Zaruchevsky volost of the Bezhetsky district.
In 1925 with. Klyuchinsky Plant of the Dorsky volost and with. Kuznetsovo of the Kuznetsovo volost are classified as workers' settlements.
In 1927, the centers of the Kuznetsovskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Paryevo volosts were changed and a number of settlements were transferred from one volost to another: the Lopatinsky and Pestovsky village councils of the Lukinsky volost were included in the Mikhailovsky volost.
In 1929, the county had 12 volosts: Brusovskaya, Vyshnevolotskaya, Kazikinskaya, Kozlovskaya, Kuznetsovskaya, Kuzminskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Paryevskaya, Spirovskaya, Ovsischenskaya, Udomelsko-Ryadskaya, Yasenovskaya.
Famous Natives
- Alexey Andreevich Arakcheev (1769-1834) - Russian statesman and military leader.
- Alexander Ageevich Abaza (1821-1895) - Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire.
- Vitaly Vitalievich Longinov (1886-1937) - Russian chemist.
- Pavel Ivanovich Bushuev (1890-1939) - Soviet party and statesman.
- Petrov Alexander Pavlovich - (September 17, 1923, village Topalskoye , Tver province [2] - October 12, 1943, village Lutezh, Vyshgorodsky district , Kiev region ) - platoon commander, lieutenant , Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumous).
Current situation
Currently, the county territory (within the borders of 1917) is part of the Vyshnevolotsky , Firovsky , Kuvshinovsky , Spirovsky , Udomelsky , Forest , Maksatikhinsky and Likhoslavl districts of the Tver region .
Notes
- ↑ Volostnaya, stanichnaya, rural, communal governments and administrations, as well as police camps throughout Russia with the designation of their location . - Kyiv: Publishing House of the L.A. Fish, 1913.
- ↑ Now - Maksatikhinsky district , Tver region .
Links
- Vyshny Volochek // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Tver region. Encyclopedic reference (inaccessible link)
- An electronic geocoded list of the populated areas of Vyshnevolotsky uyezd according to 1859
- Vyshnevolotsky district on a two-verst topographic boundary map of the Tver province of 1853
- Old maps of Vyshnevolotsky district