Mikhailo Potyk ( Mikhailo Ivanovich Potyk or Potok ) - the hero of the Novgorod cycle; It is known only in northern Russian epics as a handsome man and a snakeborer.
| Mikhailo Potyk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| epic hero | |
| Mythology | Slavic |
| Terrain | Russia |
| Floor | |
| Occupation | Epic hero |
| Father | Ivan |
| Spouse | Avdotya Swan White |
| Related characters | Serpent , Good Witch , Ilya Muromets |
| Character traits | the only hero from epics who was in the kingdom of the dead and returned |
| Mentions | Mikhailo Potyk |
Content
Epic image
On the hunt, Mikhailo Ivanovich meets a swan, which turns into a girl - Avdotya the White Swan, Likhovidevna (or the daughter of Wahramei). He marries her and both give a vow: if someone dies earlier, then the survivor should be buried with the deceased in one grave.
Avdotya dies. The stream, together with its corpse, is lowered into the grave, on a horse, fully armed and with a supply of food. A serpent is in the grave. The stream kills him and revives his wife with the blood of the slain. After the death of Stream, his wife is lowered with him into the grave.
According to other epics, the wife drank Potok and turned to stone, while she fled with Tsar Koshchei . The comrades (Ilya, Alyosha and others) save the Stream and take revenge for it, killing Koshchei and quartering the unfaithful White Swan with horses.
The fabulous nature of the epics about the Stream was indicated more than once by F. I. Buslaev , O. Miller, A. N. Veselovsky , Vsevolod Miller and M. G. Khalansky with many parallels from the tales of almost all European nations.
The werewolf White Swan is a trait rooted in the field of pagan views and, along with lowering the Stream alive into the grave, is a response from a long time ago. Resurrection, as well as healing with the help of serpentine and generally someone else’s blood, is a very developed motive in medieval legendary literature.
They tried to explain the name of the Stream (for example, Veselovsky) by the influence or borrowing from Bulgarian everyday literature (Mikhail from Potuki is a holy warrior from the 11th century who fought with the dragon in folklore), others (professor P.V. Vladimirov) compare it with the ancient Russian name " Patka "- a bird. In general, the whole epic about the Stream has much more similarities with Western European (see Walter ) than with Asian fairy tales, although it does not deprive interest of some coincidences of Russian epics about the Stream with episodes of the poem about Hesser Khan , the Mongol hero.
But there is an opinion where the Stream is a Stream, Potky - that is, from the word bird, due to the fact that in the fairy tale about Medvedko the bird takes him to his land, then Mikhailo fully corresponds to the hero of the fairy tale and they are the same person with Medvedko .
In the ballad by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, “Stream-hero” [1] an unexpected image of Stream as a time traveler is shown: the hero falls asleep and finds himself in the 16th century, during the times of Ivan the Terrible, then falls asleep again and ends up in the modern author of the 19th century, and at the end of the poem falls asleep a third time.
Key Publications of Bylina Texts
- Ancient Russian poems collected by Kirshey Danilov . M .: Nauka, 1977 .-- S. 116-120.
- Songs compiled by Kireevsky (6, IV).
- Songs compiled by P.N. Rybnikov. 2nd Edition. T. 1. M., 1909. - No. 11 and 12 (T. G. Ryabinin), No. 28 (Chukov), No. 43 (Kuzma Romanov), No. 52 (Leonty Bogdanov).
- Songs compiled by P.N. Rybnikov. 2nd Edition. T. 2.M., 1910. - No. 113 (Kalinin), No. 166 (“the old man of Poole”), No. 196 (“the Kalika from the Red Lyag”), No. 218 (unknown storyteller).
- Onega epics collected by Hilferding: Nos. 6, 39, 40, 52, 82, 150, 158 (numbering through in all volumes of any publication).
Notes
- ↑ Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Ballads, epics, parables (az.lib.ru)
Literature
- Buslaev, “Histor. Essays ”(I, 239);
- O. Miller, “Ilya Muromets” (337);
- A. Veselovsky - (“Journal of M. Nar. Ave.”, 1887, April, and “Investigations in the Field of Russian Spiritual Verse” (IX, 365);
- Bc. Miller, Ethnographer. Review ”(XI);
- Khalansky ("Rus. Phil. Vestn.", XXVII, 113);
- L. Maykov , "Team. Akd. sciences ”(LIII, No. 5, published bylina according to the text of the 17th century);
- Tikhonravov, Ethnographer. Review ”(VIII): Liebrecht,“ Zur Volkskunde ”(41, 380) and“ Germania ”(XXI, 67);
- Máchol, “About bohatýrském epose slovanském” (I, 167);
- P. V. Vladimirov, “Introduction to the History of Russian Literature” (p. 225).
- Kaloyanov, Ancho, Mikhail the Warrior from Potuk - the Bulgarian double on the Great Martyr George. - Proglas, 1998, No. 2, p. 8-15 (= in: He. Staroblgarskoe piety. Met, religion and folklore in the painting for the saint at the Bulgarite. Veliko Tarnovo, 2000, 114-140).
- Mikhailo Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.