Pukina is a language that disappeared in the 19th century and existed in the region near Lake Titicaca ( Peru and Bolivia ) and in the north of modern Chile and southern Bolivia . The Pukin language was apparently spoken by representatives of the Pukin power ( Tiwanaku culture) and the Pukin city-states ( Mollyo culture), later conquered by the Incas , and / or the Chunk people, rivals of the Incas. Perhaps the Kapak Symi also belongs to the Pukin dialect - the secret, sacred language of the nobility and rulers of the Inca power. Francisco de Toledo called this language “core” in Peru. The first Pukin-Russian dictionary was compiled by historian and linguist S. A. Kuprienko in 2013.
| Pukina | |
|---|---|
| Countries | Peru , Bolivia |
| Regions | south coast of lake titicaca |
| Total number of speakers | dead |
| Extinct | XVIII century |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of South America |
| Isolated | |
| Writing | latin |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | sai |
| ISO 639-3 | puq |
| WALS | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
According to the Italian historian Giovanni Anello Oliva ( 1631 ) at the beginning of the XVII century in Peru "Pukin was spoken in some parts of the province of Chukito " [1] .
One document dated 1574 indicated that women have been speaking about Pukin since the 12th century, with the exception of the villages of Kapachik and Koat (in the area of Pavkarkolya), where men also spoke this language. A similar characteristic of the language indicated the total destruction of the male population as a result of some military operations.
The remnants of Pukin's vocabulary are preserved in the Quechua language , as well as in Spanish variants that are common in southern Peru, mainly in Arequipa , Mokegua and Tacna. T. Kaufman (Kaufman, 1990) suggests that the vocabulary of the Pukin language could be preserved in the Creole language kalyauaya - the secret language of local healers, which is an imposition of Pukin vocabulary on the Quechua grammar.
Sometimes the term "Pukin language" is incorrectly used in relation to the Ur language of the Uru-chipaya family .
Notes
- ↑ Juan Anello Oliva, Historia del Reino y Provincias del Peru . Archived July 9, 2012.
Literature
- Kuprіnko S.A. Suspiciously-gospodarsky device of the empire іnkіv Tavantіnsuyu: author. dis. on the health sciences. Candidate degree istor. Sciences: 07.00.02. (neopr.) / Kuprіnko Sergiy Anatoliyovich; KNU іmenі Taras Shevchenko. - K .: LOGOS, 2013 .-- 20 p.
- Kuprienko S.A. Sources of the XVI-XVII centuries on the history of the Incas: chronicles, documents, letters (Russian) / Ed. S.A. Kuprienko .. - K .: Vidavets Kuprіnko S.A., 2013 .-- 418 p. - ISBN 978-617-7085-03-3 .
- Pachacuti Yamki Salkamajva , Kuprienko S.A. Report on the Antiquities of this Kingdom of Peru (Rus.) / Per. S. A. Kuprienko .. - K .: Vidavets Kuprіnko S.A., 2013 .-- 151 p. - ISBN 978-617-7085-09-5 .
- Talah V.N. , Kuprienko S.A. America is the original. Sources on the history of the Mayans, Nahua (Asteks) and Incas (Russian) / Ed. V.N. Talah, S.A. Kuprienko .. - K .: Vidavets Kuprіnko S.A., 2013 .-- 370 p. - ISBN 978-617-7085-00-2 .
- Grasserie, Raoul de la (1894) Langue Puquina. Textes Puquina. "Contenus dans le Rituale seu Manuale Peruanum de Geronimo de Oré"; Langues Américaines. Leipzig: Koehler.
- Torero, Alfredo (1965) Le puquina, la troisième langue générale du Pérou. Université de Paris, Sorbonne (doctoral dissertation).
- (1987) "Lenguas y pueblos altiplánicos en torno al siglo XVI"; Revista Andina 10 5 (2): 329-372. Cuzco.
- (2002) Idiomas de los Andes. Lima: IFEA - Editorial Horizonte. ISBN 9972-699-27-7
- Aguiló, Federico (1997) “La problemática puquina y el catecismo del P. Jerónimo Oré” XI Reunión anual de etnología: 243–334. La Paz: Museo Nacional de Etnografía y Folclore - Banco Central de Bolivia.
- Oré, Gerónimo de (1605) Rituale seu Manuale Peruanum.
- Anónimo (1584) Doctrina Christiana, y catecismo para instrvccion de los indios. Edición facsimilar: Petroperú, Lima 1984 (Español, Quechua, Aymara, Puquina).