Gottorp (Dat. Gottorp ) or Gottorf (German: Gottorf ) - a palace - a castle , located in the German city of Schleswig on an island in the Gulf of Schlei . Until 1702, the residence of the Holstein-Gottorp house , whose representatives ruled Russia from 1761 to 1917. Gottorp currently houses regional museums of archeology, art and cultural history.
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History
The first information about the Gottorp estate appeared in 1161, when the Schleswig bishop Okko settled in these places. In 1268, Gottorp was acquired by the Danish Duke of Schleswig, and in 1340 passed into the possession of the Count of Holstein . The first Danish monarch of the Oldenburg dynasty , Christian I , received it by inheritance from his mother in 1459.
Over the years, the Gottorp residence constantly expanded and rebuilt, especially under the Danish monarch Frederick I , who chose it as his main place of residence and died there. During the Schleswig-Holstein section in 1544, Gottorp Castle went to Frederick's third youngest son, Duke Adolf . From here, his descendants ruled one third of Schleswig-Holstein - the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp .
The owners of Gottorp sought to maintain friendly relations with Russia. Duke Frederick III sent his court Olearius to the Moscow court. He also ordered the manufacture of the world's largest Gottorp globe , for which a special oriental-style pavilion was built in the garden. Subsequently, the globe fell into the collection of the Russian Tsar and is now on display at the Kunstkamera .
Modern Palace
The palace acquired its present appearance in 1697-1703, when it was fully reconstructed according to the baroque design of the Swedish court architect Tessin Jr. The restrained architecture of the palace is dominated by Italian motifs drawn from Tessin from the works of his idol Bernini . The massive belvedere , a popular element of palace architecture in those years, served as a dungeon , being a symbol of feudal power.
Before the construction was completed, the Danish troops occupied Gottorp. So-called. Gottorp question . In a short time, furnishings were looted, the interiors fell into disrepair. The son-in-law of Peter I - Karl Friedrich Holstein-Gottorp - never lived in the estate of his ancestors, preferring a comfortable life in Eitin Castle with relatives or at the royal court. In the 19th century, barracks were placed in Gottorp, first Danish , and then Prussian .
After World War II, Gottorp was adapted to receive displaced persons.
The authorities of the land of Schleswig-Holstein set about the systematic restoration of the Gottorp Castle. The long-destroyed regular park in the Versailles style was also restored along with the Globe Pavilion, in which in 2008 a modern copy of the Gottorp globe was installed.
In 2003, the Gottorp Castle, as a symbol of the unity of Russian and German history, was elected to hold a meeting between Russian President V. Putin and German Chancellor G. Schroeder .
Links
- Gottorp Castle : Themed Media Files on Wikimedia Commons
- Gottorp Museum Official Website
- Gottorp or Gottorf // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.