Chernushka (city)

The settlement received its name from a small river flowing among marshy, covered with thick sedge shores: its waters were always muddy, dark, since sunlight hardly penetrated through a dense, barely passable forest. For this, the peasants called Chernushka ^[4] .

Geographical position

The city is located in the eastern part of the Bui undulating plain, on the plain-hilly Urals , on the spurs of the Tulva Upland , in the zone of deciduous-coniferous forests that have experienced significant anthropogenic impact ^[5] .

Relief and geological structure

The city is located on the eastern edge of the Russian platform , where the platform plunges to a depth of 4 to 6 km, forming the Ural marginal trough , which is filled with layers of sedimentary rocks, mainly of marine origin ^[5] .

The terrain where the city is located is a hilly plain; on the whole, the level differences are insignificant within the city.

The total area of ​​the Chernushinsky urban settlement is 3340 ha, of which the city of Chernushka occupies 2911 ha, the village of Azinsky - 400 ha and the city cemetery - 29 ha. The structure of the land fund: agricultural lands - 1371 hectares, forest areas - 548 hectares, forest stands - 79 hectares, water bodies - 33 hectares, the built-up area occupies - 1309 hectares ^[3] .

Ecological status and nature protection

The air basin of the city ​​is polluted by emissions from boiler houses and motor vehicle exhausts (measurements of SES showed a 2-3-fold increase in MPC during rush hour) ^[5] .

Surface water in the city is polluted and not suitable for drinking. The main pollutants are: sewage, runoff from livestock farms, petroleum products .

Groundwater is also significantly polluted mainly due to leaks in production casing of injection wells of oil fields, as a result of which oil products, reagents, and hydrogen sulfide fall into the water. ^[5]

The city has a specially protected natural area of ​​local importance “City Park of Culture” (it is a spruce-linden large grass forest with an area of ​​87.0 hectares ). Until 2004, it was part of the natural monuments of the Perm Region , but was excluded, as it has, first of all, recreational significance as a resting place for residents of the city.

Hydrology

A small river of the same name flows on the territory of the city, on which a pond is made. Near the city, rivers flow that have recreational significance : Tanyp , Strezh , Karmalka .

Climate

The climate is temperate continental. Long winters and rather hot summers are characteristic. The daily and annual temperature amplitudes are significant. The annual temperature amplitude is 50-60 ° C ^[5] .

The average annual air temperature is +1.5 ° C; January average temperature −17.6 ° C; July average temperature is +19.8 ° C.

• The highest temperature: +40 ° C (July 2012);
• The lowest temperature: 0 −54 ° C (January 1, 1979);
• The strongest wind: 0.000 33 m / s.

The average annual rainfall is 583 mm; the maximum rainfall is usually in June-August, and the minimum in January-February ^[5] .

A stable snow cover is formed in the first decade of November, and the beginning of the destruction occurs in the third decade of April. In the third decade of March, the height of the snow cover can reach 80 cm. In 1999, the height of the snow cover reached 106 cm.

Normal atmospheric pressure - 743 mm Hg

The prevailing winds are southwest and west. From September to April, south and south-west winds blow, and from April to September - west. Wind speed ranges from 3 to 5 m / s. The highest wind speeds are reached in spring and autumn, sometimes calmness occurs in summer ^[5] .

Time Zone

Early History

The first mention of the village of Chernushka was found in the revision tale for 1858, which states that the village of Chernushka with 4 yards, founded by immigrants from Cherdyn , has existed since 1854. By 1869, there were already 35 yards here ^[4] .

A huge role in the development of the settlement was played by the construction from 1913 to 1920 of the Kazan – Yekaterinburg (Kazanburg) railway as part of the Trans-Siberian railway ^[4] . The route of the future railway was divided into 7 sections, Chernushka was part of the 4th section (the head organization was in Sarapul , the headquarters of the builders was in Tausha, the management lived here, and the builders lived in barracks in Chernushka) ^[8] . At 3-4 km from the village of Chernushka, a railway station and a settlement village were built, named after the name of the nearby village - Chernushka.

During the civil war on the territory of the Chernushinsky district, especially fierce battles were fought along the railway, since its possession not only allowed transport operations to be carried out, but also quickly used the available reserves. ^[4] In the period 1918-1919, the Kazan-Yekaterinburg railway area was the site of hostilities of the 28th Rifle Azin division, which three times passed through the territory of the future Chernushinsky district past the Chernushka station .

At the end of December 1918, a heavy battle took place at the Chernushka station, on which 170 railway wagons with bread had accumulated. The headquarters of V. M. Azin was located in the building of the railway station ^[4] .

District Center

In connection with the transition to a new administrative division, on the basis of the Ryabkovskaya, Atnyashinskaya, Bedryazhskaya, Taushinskaya, Ermievskaya volosts of the Osinsky district of the Perm province and Pavlovskaya, Verkh-Tatyshlinsky (partially) volosts of the Birsky district of the Ufa province , the Ryabkovsky district of the Uralsky district of the Sarapulsky district was formed in February 1924. area .

However, due to the remoteness of the village of Ryabki from the railway, in December 1925 a decision was made to transfer the district center to Chernushka; accordingly, the district was renamed Chernushinsky. In a special decision of the government in 1929, the lands that belonged to the community of peasants of the village of Chernushka were cut off under the district center. The construction of public buildings and housing begins. Some of the houses were built anew, some were transported from villages (requisitioned from kulaks and other repressed elements or purchased from peasants); The buildings of the Transfiguration Monastery from the Kapkanskaya Mountain were also brought here. For some time, the regional authorities continued to remain in the village of Ryabki; their final move to Chernushka took place only in 1930 ^[4] .

They wanted to give the name “Azinsky” to the new district center, but it did not consolidate, because the population was used to the word “Chernushka” and stubbornly kept that name ^[4] .

The intensive construction of industrial enterprises, administrative and residential buildings in Chernushka began. In 1930, a machine-tractor station was opened (operating until 1958), in 1932 a flax mill was built, which worked until the 1960s ^[9] . A straw factory was also built to produce straw mats for the construction of residential buildings and farm buildings and an elevator .

During World War II , a military factory No. 648 from Kharkov was evacuated to Chernushka, which produced field telephones, a workshop for repairing aircraft UT-2, and a school for primary training pilots of the Air Force and Navy. Subsequently, they are being moved west beyond the advancing Red Army.

At the Chernushka station in October-November 1941, the 48th Rifle Brigade was formed, after which one of the city streets was named. And in the period from December 1941 to May 1942 the 125th Rifle Brigade was formed ^[8] .

After the Great Patriotic War, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of July 4, 1945, Chernushka received the status of a working village. Although industry continued to remain at the pre-war level, migration processes from neighboring villages and a more rapid development of the working village began.

Until 1958, the village industry specialized in the processing of agricultural products. In the late 1940s, an creamery and a slaughterhouse were built. In 1954, a district food factory was built, which sent products to 15 districts ^[5] .

Oil Production

An important stage in the development of Chernushka is the discovery of oil fields. Oil field development has been underway since the late 1940s. Since 1958, industrial oil production began, the creation of a number of oil enterprises and the construction of an oil workers village. July 1, 1958 in Chernushka, and not in Kueda , as previously planned, the Oil Production Directorate (NPU) was created. In 1971, as a result of structural transformations, the Permneft association was formed in the Ministry of the Oil Industry , and it consists of 5 departments, including the Chernushkaneft oil and gas production department (NGDU). Numerous service organizations of oil workers are being created: UBR (management of drilling operations), KRS (overhaul of wells), UTT (management of technological transport) and many others ^[4] .

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of February 7, 1966, Chernushka was assigned city status.

In the 1960-1980s, the city developed rapidly. Housing, social amenities were built: schools, kindergartens, shops. In 1966, the first five-story building was built in the city, then the city was quickly overgrown with new five-story buildings, six nine-story buildings were built, in recent years there has been massive construction of three-story apartment buildings, a new Zhemchuzhina pool, a new Orthodox church have been built.

In 1974, an oil pumping station (NPS) and the Chernushka-Kaltasy oil pipeline were built. Over the years, the volume of oil production only increased, which significantly influenced the general economic development of the city. The maximum production occurred in 1976 - 9 million 462 thousand tons of oil. After that, production volumes gradually decreased ^[4] .

In the 1990s, new deposits were developed. In 1993, NGDU Chernushkaneft accounted for 45% of the oil produced in the region (4,175,800 tons of oil) ^[5] .

With the collapse of the USSR, crisis phenomena increased: refineries do not accept oil, sold oil is not paid (22.4% of the volume sold in 1993) ^[4] . The most difficult situation developed by 2002, when a number of enterprises related to servicing oil workers (the Office of Drilling Operations, etc.) ceased their operations, as a result of which thousands of people lost their jobs, and in 2004 the NGD “Chernushkaneft” also ceased to exist ^[5] .

In recent years, the situation has stabilized somewhat. Oil production workshops (ЦДНГ) and service enterprises continue their activities, including those outside the Perm Territory.

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was at 465th place out of 1,115 ^[27] cities of the Russian Federation ^[28] .

In recent years, the population of the city has been growing, both due to the migration flow from the villages of the district, and due to natural growth . So in 2009, the natural population growth amounted to 124 people, and in 2008 - 92 people ^[3] .

According to the 2010 census, the population was 33,272 people, including 15,429 men and 17,843 women ^[29] .

The average age of Chernushans is 34 years.

The ethnic composition of the city is heterogeneous, but the Russian population predominates, the community of Tatars , Bashkirs is numerous, there are Udmurts , Chuvashs , Mari , Armenians and people of other nationalities.

Administrative status

Since January 1, 2006, as a result of local government reform, the city ​​of Chernushka has been part of the Chernushinsky city settlement. The structure of the Chernushinsky urban settlement, in addition to the city of Chernushka, includes the territory of the village of Azinsky, which is a rural settlement ^[2] .

Governing bodies

The structure of local authorities of the Chernushinsky urban settlement are: ^[2]

• the representative body of the municipality is the Duma of the Chernushinsky urban settlement;
• the highest elected official of the municipality is the head of the Chernushinsky urban settlement;
• the executive and administrative body of the municipality is the administration of the Chernushinsky city settlement;
• the control body of the municipality is the control and audit commission of the Chernushinsky city settlement.

The Duma of the Chernushinsky urban settlement consists of 20 deputies elected in multi-member constituencies (three, four, five-member) ^[30] with a term of office of 5 years ^[2] . The chairman of the Duma is Ivan Leonidovich Rategov.

The head of the Chernushinsky urban settlement is the highest official of the settlement and heads the administration of the urban settlement and manages it on the basis of unity of command and personal responsibility. The head of the settlement is elected by citizens residing in the territory of the settlement and having the right to vote by universal, equal and direct election by secret ballot for a term of 5 years ^[2] .

Since October 23, 2008, the Head of the Chernushinsky urban settlement has been Kislicin Yuri Alexandrovich ^[31] .

The official symbols of the Chernushinsky urban settlement are the coat of arms and flag ^[2] .

Coat of Arms

By the decision of the Zemsky Assembly of 04/02/1996, M2104 approved the first official emblem. Description of the coat of arms: “in the azure field there is a black oil rig, from which the golden rays of the sun come out, all this is framed by a wreath of golden oak leaves and ears, in the lower part of the wreath is the coat of arms of Perm with the number“ 1924 “in the head of the shield” ^[4] .

The second coat of arms in the history of Chernushka was approved by the Decision of the Zemsky Assembly of the Chernushinsky region dated July 13, 2001 No. 105 “On the coat of arms of the city of Chernushka”. Description of the coat of arms: "In the upper part is the coat of arms of the Perm Region. In the lower green field, a wavy jet of black color flows from a silver vessel in gold. The shield is crowned with a silver three-tower crown. Two gold hammers are laid crosswise behind the shield, connected by a red ribbon that intercepts the golden ears of gold. . On the tape under the tip of the shield silver "Chernushka . " ^[32] .

The current coat of arms is the third, was approved by the Decision of the Duma of the Chernushinsky city settlement dated 18.02.2011 No. 188 “On approval of the Regulations on the coat of arms and flag of the Chernushinsky city settlement”.

Flag

The current flag is approved by the decision of the Duma of the Chernushinsky city settlement dated February 18, 2011 No. 188 “On approval of the Regulations on the coat of arms and flag of the Chernushinsky city settlement”.

Description of the flag: “A rectangular panel of yellow color with a ratio of width to length 2: 3, bearing along the bottom edge a wave-like black strip 1/5 of the width of the panel, and in the center is an image of a composition from the coat of arms of the urban settlement: walls with ajar gates; the image is made in black and red ” ^[34] .

Chernushka was formed in the industrial center of the south of the Perm Territory, with enterprises in the oil, construction and food industries. The city intersects rail and road routes.

Industry

In the city, there are such organizations and divisions of LLC Lukoil-Perm as the Central Engineering and Technology Service (CITS), LLC Aksaitovneft, Chernushinsky TsDNG LLC Uraloil, as well as a number of service enterprises in the oil industry, for example, the Branch of LLC ARGOS - CHURS (Chernushinsky well repair department, formerly a division of LLC Eurasia Drilling Company ), Chernushinsky UTT LLC, Chernushka oil pumping station (NPS).

In addition to the oil industry, the city’s industry is also represented by enterprises in the construction industry: a ceramic brick manufacturing plant, Chernushkastroykeramika LLC, a road construction company, DOROS LLC, and a number of small business construction enterprises. Also in the city there are food industry enterprises: LLC "Masco" (butter and cheese factory); Chernushinsky, now inactive, RaPO.

Banking sector

Banking services in the city are mainly provided by the Chernushinsky branch No. 1668 of the West Ural Bank of Sberbank of Russia , there are additional offices in the city of the Perm branch of Otkritie Bank, the Perm branch of the Bank of Moscow , the Perm branch of Rosselkhozbank and the Perm branch of Vostochny Express Bank , Perm branch of Slavic Bank and operational office No. 59CHR / 01 Home credit and finance Bank .

Trade

Wholesale and retail trade in the city is carried out mainly by local representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. There are also shops of the trading networks Euroset , Svyaznoy , Magnit , Pyaterochka, Monetka, Family, Lyon, Krasnoye Beloe and the local chain of Variant stores.

Transport and Communications

Rail: From west to east, the city passes through the city and divides it into northern and southern parts of the electrified double-track railway Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg with high traffic intensity. Freight trains are being formed at Chernushka station, a container site is operating, various types of goods are being received and shipped.

Automobile transport: A number of roads pass through Chernushka connecting it with the regions of the south and the center of the region, the regions of the region with cities and regions of Bashkiria. The main road Osa - Chernushka.

The total length of roads on the territory of the Chernushinsky urban settlement is 97.769 km, including 34.543 km with a hard surface ^[3] .

Regular bus routes run from Chernushka: Chernushka - Perm , Chernushka - Tchaikovsky , Chernushka - Kungur .

Transit bus routes from Perm also pass through the Chernushka bus station ^[35] : Perm - Ufa , Perm - Orenburg , Perm - Neftekamsk , Perm - Kueda ; from Yekaterinburg ^[36] : Yekaterinburg - Birsk , Yekaterinburg - Dyurtyuli . Thus, the Chernushinsky district performs inter-district and inter-regional transit functions. There are 6 bus routes in the city, there are also several taxi services.

City bus routes:

Air transport: Until 1991, air transport was introduced in the area. There was regular air communication on An-2 aircraft with the Bakharevka airport in Perm . Restoration and construction of a new airport in Chernushka is included primarily (implementation period - until 2015) by the Perm Territory Territorial Planning Scheme ^[37] .

Communication: Telephone and Internet services in the district are provided by Rostelecom PJSC. The quality of providing wired communications is quite high. The number of subscribers is 12,000 ^[5] .

In addition to Rostelecom PJSC, mobile communication services are also provided by: Mobile TeleSystems PJSC (MTS), Vympel-Communications PJSC (under the Beeline trademark), MegaFon PJSC. Chernushka with its suburbs almost completely enters the coverage area of ​​cellular communications.

Housing and communal services

The comprehensive development of the housing and communal services of the city ​​began only with the construction of the village of oil workers. Although, for example, even before the revolution , a water pump was built on the Strezh River, but it worked only for the needs of the railway ^[4] .

Since the 1960s, the creation of a water supply , heating , and sewage system began . In the 1970s, a centralized boiler room was built.

No large groundwater reserves were found near the city, and the unfavorable condition of the water bodies led to the fact that in 1982 the Tanypsky water intake - Krylovo trunk pipeline, 98 km long, was put into operation (78 wells were drilled near the Tulva River and the village of Krylovo, Osinsky District ). Currently, this pipeline is completely dilapidated, in connection with which the water intake was reconstructed on the river. Tanyp (increase in capacity, installation of additional treatment facilities). Since 2005, the city of Chernushka has been using tanyp water ^[5] .

In the early 1990s, NGDU “Chernushkaneft”, in connection with the difficult economic situation, relieved itself of the burden of maintaining the social sphere and transferred to the municipality departmental housing, kindergartens, schools and utilities.

The city has about 100 streets and 20 lanes ^[5] with a total length of 132.5 km ^[38] . A significant part of the city’s development was carried out in the 1960-1980s in many ways by typical buildings. The city has about 80 five-story houses and 6 nine-story houses.

In the structure of the housing stock of the Chernushinsky urban settlement, 530 thousand square meters are apartment buildings and 120 thousand square meters are private houses. The average housing provision per person living in the city is 17.9 square meters, while the minimum living space per person standard of 15 square meters approved in the Chernushinsky municipal district ^[3] .

•  

  Mira street

•  

  Square them. Kopylova

•  

  Oil Workers Area

•  

  Street North

The city has a well-developed consumer services: there are a number of restaurants, cafes, hotels. Sports and entertainment center "Fortuna", sanatorium "Health", dry cleaning carry out their activities.

Education

Первая школа была построена в 1923 году в посёлке железнодорожников, в 1928 году она стала пятилетней, затем — семилетней. В 1936 году началось строительство двухэтажного здания районной школы — семилетки (ныне школа № 1).

По состоянию на 2010 год в городе действуют ^{[39] [40] [41]} :

• 1 гимназия — бывшая школа №6;
• 1 кадетская школа — бывшая школа №9;
• 3 средние школы — школы № 1, 2, 5;
• 1 коррекционная школа — бывшая школа № 4, с 1 сентября 2017 года частично (5—9-е классы) соединена со средней школой № 2;
• 1 «Центр образования»;
• Детская музыкальная школа имени Л. Л. Меля (с 1963 года);
• Детско-юношеская спортивная школа (с 1976 года);
• Детская художественная школа ;
• Центр детского творчества (с 1959 года);
• Краевой политехнический колледж (с 2012 года, правопреемник ^[42] Чернушинского политехнического колледжа и Чернушинского механико-технологического техникума);
• 12 дошкольных образовательных учреждений.

Health

В 1946 году в Чернушке была открыта больница на 30 коек в деревянном двухэтажном здании по улице Октябрьской; до этого в деревне Чернушка находилась только амбулатория, располагавшаяся в одном из небольших домов. 25 декабря 1962 года вступил в строй главный корпус (первое трёхэтажное кирпичное здание в Чернушке) Чернушинской больницы на 150 коек по улице Кирова и инфекционное отделение на 15 коек. В санпропускнике главного корпуса был открыт пункт скорой помощи. Вызова тогда обслуживали ещё на лошади, только в 1966 году была выделена машина скорой помощи . В 1974 году открыли 3-этажный больничный комплекс по улице Коммунистической ^[43] .

К 1985 году в поликлинике имелось 12 терапевтических участков, 5 цеховых, 10 педиатрических, 5 акушерско-гинекологических. К 1993 году в Чернушинской больнице насчитывалось 565 коек по 20 профилям, 4 участковые больницы, 5 здравпунктов, 26 ФАПов, стоматологическая поликлиника. Были освоены новые методы исследования: фиброгастроскопия , ультразвуковое исследование , спирография , новые методы лечения в реанимационном отделении — плазмофорез, УФО-крови, гемосорбция , аппарат искусственной вентиляции лёгких и другие. В отделении переливания крови освоены новые методы переработки крови ^[43] .

В январе 2000 года был сдан в эксплуатацию новый 4-этажный корпус, где в настоящее время размещается МУЗ «Чернушинская центральная районная поликлиника». В апреле 2004 года открыт Перинатальный центр, включающий женскую консультацию, акушерское отделение, отделение гинекологии. ^[43] .

Система здравоохранения города по состоянию на 2010 год представлена МУЗ «Чернушинская центральная районная поликлиника», МУЗ «Чернушинская стоматологическая поликлиника», МУЗ «Чернушинская центральная районная больница» на 290 коек, ГУЗ «Краевая психиатрическая больница № 7» на 43 койки. Кроме того, существуют несколько частных стоматологических кабинетов и частнопрактикующих врачей ^[44] .

Culture

Культурную жизнь города обеспечивают:

• Чернушинский краеведческий музей (открыт в 1975 году);
• Чернушинская районная библиотека (с 1932 года) и несколько её филиалов, в том числе детская библиотека, а также Чернушинская городская библиотека, получившая с 2007 года самостоятельный статус;
• драматический театр под руководством заслуженного работника культуры РФ Наговициной Лидии Фёдоровны;
• народный ансамбль песни и танца «Прикамские узоры» под руководством заслуженного работника культуры РФ Девятковой Тамары Фёдоровны (лауреат Гран-при межрегионального фестиваля русской песни и частушки в республике Башкортостан).

В конце сентября 2017 года в Чернушке открылся двухзальный кинотеатр "Rial-film" ^[45] .

Sport

Основная спортивная жизнь города сосредоточена в Детско-юношеской спортивной школе , где 34 тренера-преподавателя занимаются с ребятами в секциях бадминтона , баскетбола , волейбола , футбола , дзюдо , лыжных гонок , лёгкой атлетики , бокса , большого тенниса , конного спорта , художественной гимнастики ^[41] .

С 1937 года в Чернушке функционирует стадион «Урожай», на котором проводятся футбольные матчи как местного, так и краевого уровней.

Religion

Население города преимущественно исповедует православие , значительна доля сторонников ислама , встречаются атеисты и приверженцы различных направлений христианства.

Православие: В городе действует Храм в честь сщмч. Андроника , архиепископа Пермского и Кунгурского Пермской Епархии Русской Православной церкви , открытый в 1999 году в приспособленном здании бывшего кинотеатра «Луч» (построенного в 50-е годы XX века ) ^[46] .

Ислам: В городе функционирует махалля (местное мусульманское религиозное объединение) ^[47] и мечеть (открыта в 2004 году).

В Чернушке выпускаются газеты : «Маяк Приуралья» (с ноября 1930 года); «Вестник Чернушки»; «Уральская версия»; «Чернушка Плюс» и несколько бесплатных рекламных изданий. Работает телеканал « СТС —ВеЧер» (с января 1995 года), радиостанции: « DFM », «Радио Болид», « Европа Плюс ». Также функционируют несколько городских веб-сайтов .

С ноября 2015 года в Чернушке на 43 ДМВ -канале (650 МГц ) ведётся цифровое эфирное телевещание первого мультиплекса РТРС-1 ^[48] .

Вещание ведётся в стандарте DVB-T2 .

• Азанов, Геральд Васильевич (род. 1935) — бурильщик- передовик , Герой Социалистического Труда .
• Ведерников, Николай Степанович (1925—2011) — пулемётчик, Герой Советского Союза .
• Мель, Леонид Леонгардович (1903—1981) — композитор , Заслуженный работник культуры РСФСР .
• Францев, Евгений Иванович (1922—1944) — военный лётчик, Герой Советского Союза .
• Францев, Вячеслав Иванович (1929—1991) — кардиохирург , Заслуженный деятель науки РСФСР .
• Гостев, Пётр Андреевич (1924—1998) — разведчик-наблюдатель, полный кавалер ордена Славы .

• Березовик В. Е., Скачкова Н. В., Бабич Т. А. География Чернушинского района (Пособие для учителей и учащихся) / под общ. ed. Ph.D. Н. Д. Волошина. — Чернушка, 2005. — 500 экз.
• Иван Гурин. Чернушка: Серия «Пермский край». — Пермь: Пермское книжное издательство, 2000. — 160 с. - 2500 copies.
• Н. А. Козлова. История Чернушинского района: Материалы к урокам по историческому краеведению / под общ. ed. Ph.D. Н. Д. Волошина. — Пермь: Пермское книжное издательство, 2006. — 1000 экз.
• Хлопин В. Г. История Чернушинского района (конец XIX в. — 1945 г.). — Пермь: Пермское книжное издательство, 2000. — 280 с. - 1000 copies. — ISBN 5-93683-006-3 .

• Официальный сайт Чернушинского городского поселения (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 4 ноября 2012. Архивировано 20 ноября 2012 года.
• Энциклопедия «Пермский край» (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . — Чернушка. Дата обращения 3 июля 2013. Архивировано 27 августа 2014 года.
• Гидрометцентр России (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . — Фактические данные — Чернушка. Дата обращения 8 июля 2010. Архивировано 19 ноября 2012 года.
• Гидрометцентр России (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . — Прогнозы — Чернушка. Дата обращения 18 июля 2010. Архивировано 28 декабря 2010 года.