Nikita (Crimea)

National composition

In 1520, only Christians (41 families) were registered in the village.

In 1926, out of 710 people: 569 Crimean Tatars, 106 Russians, 35 Ukrainians.

The main attraction is located between the village and the sea Nikitsky Botanical Garden .

Judging by the available information, Nikita belongs to the oldest settlements of the southern coast of Crimea, founded by the descendants of the Goths ^[13] and Alans ^[14] , who settled the territory in the 2nd – 3rd centuries, mixed with autochthonous inhabitants and adopted Christianity in the 3rd century ^[15] (obeyed Gothic diocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople ^[16] ). According to the agreement of Genoa with Elias Bey Solkhatsky in 1381, when the “mountainous southern part of Crimea north-east of Balaklava”, with its settlements and people, which are Christians , completely passed into the possession of the Genoese, Nakita also entered the captain’s captain ( Sikita Genoese treasury lists - cartolari della Masseria of that time). In written documents, Sikita was first found in patriarchal letters of 1384 ^[17] .

After the defeat of Kafa by the Ottomans in 1475, Sikita came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and was administratively included in the Kefin sanjak (subsequently eyaleta ) ^[18] . At the beginning of Turkish rule, the village was attributed to Inkirman . In the materials of the first census of the Kefinsky Sanjak in 1520, only Christians were listed in Sikit - 41 “non-Muslim” families, of which 3 families lost the male breadwinner ; By the second census of 1542, Sikit was attributed to Balyklag , and again the population was shown purely Christian: 49 complete families, 1 incomplete and 3 adult unmarried men ^[19] . In the 17th century, Islam began to spread on the southern coast of Crimea ^[20] , but Sikita apparently continued to be a Christian village. At a later time, the village was included in the Mangup Kadylyk (at the end of the 17th century there were two of them). In Jizye of the defector Liva-i Kef (Ottoman tax sheets) of 1652, several dozens of names and surnames of Christian taxpayers living in the village of Skiti together with Magarach were listed — more than in any other of the settlements listed in the list ^[21] . The churches of St. John Chrysostom and St. Yuri ^[17] .

Nikita belonged to the Crimean Khanate for 9 years - from the acquisition of independence by the Khanate in 1774 ^[22] to the annexation of Crimea to Russia (8) on April 19, 1783 ^[23] and was included in the Mangup Kadylyk of the Bakhchisaray Kaymakanism ^[24] . During these years, the eviction of Crimean Christians - Greeks and Armenians in the Sea of ​​Azov took place. According to the statement about Christians A. V. Suvorov , who were removed from the Crimea in the Sea of ​​Azov on September 18, 1778, 102 Greeks — 50 men and 52 women ^[25] , were evicted from Nikitin , along with people from Yalta and other neighboring villages who founded the village of Yalta in a new place ^[17] .

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia by the registered decree of Catherine II to the Senate , the Tauride Region was formed on the territory of the former Crimean Khanate and the village was assigned to Simferopol Uyezd ^[26] . Before the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1791, the Crimean Tatars were evicted from coastal villages to the interior of the peninsula. At the end of 1787, all the inhabitants were withdrawn from Nikita - 56 souls. At the end of the war, on August 14, 1791, everyone was allowed to return to their former place of residence ^[27] . After the Pavlovsk reforms, from 1796 to 1802, it was part of the Akmechet district of Novorossiysk province ^[28] . According to the new administrative division, after the creation of the Tauride province ^on October 8 (20), 1802 ^[29] , Nikita was included in the Alushta volost of Simferopol district.

According to Vedomosti, about all the villages in Simferopol Uyezd, consisting of an indication in which the volost is the number of yards and souls ... dated October 9, 1805 , in the village of Nikita there were 10 yards and 65 residents, exclusively Crimean Tatars ^[30] . On the military topographic map of Major General Mukhin in 1817, the village of Nikita is also indicated with 10 courtyards ^[31] . After the reform of the volost division of 1829, Nikita, according to the Vedomosti on state volosts of the Tauride province of 1829, remained part of the Alushta volost ^[32] .

By the personal decree of Nicholas I of March 23 (according to the old style) of 1838, on April 15, a new Yalta district was formed ^[33] and Nikita appeared on the territory of the Alushta volost of the new county. On the map of 1842, Nikita is indicated as a large settlement, but without indicating the number of yards ^[34] .

Following the results of the Zemstvo reform of Alexander II of the 1860s, the village was assigned to the Derekoy volost . According to the “List of Populated Places of the Tauride Province according to the Information of 1864” compiled according to the results of the VIII revision of 1864, Nikita is a state - owned Tatar village with 38 courtyards, 386 inhabitants and a mosque at the spring of Ayan-Cesme ^[35] . On a three-verst map of 1865-1876, 95 yards are indicated in Nikita ^[36] . For 1886, in the village, according to the directory “Volosts and important villages of European Russia”, 270 people lived in 49 households, a mosque, a tavern and a shop were operating ^[37] . According to the "Memorial Book of the Tauride Province of 1889" , according to the results of the X revision of 1887, 82 yards and 406 inhabitants were registered in the village of Nikita ^[38] . On the milestone map of 1891–1892 in Nikita there are 64 courtyards with the Tatar population ^[39] .

After the Zemstvo reform of the 1890s ^[40] , which took place in Yalta County after 1892, the village remained part of the transformed Derekoy volost. According to the "... Memorial Book of the Tauride Province for 1892" in the village of Nikita, which made up the Nikitinsky rural society , there were 377 inhabitants in 64 households ^[41] . According to the "... Memorial Book of the Tauride Province for 1902" in the village of Nikita, which made up the Nikitsky rural society, there were 415 inhabitants in 411 households ^[42] . In 1914, a parish school operated in the village ^[43] . According to the Statistical Directory of the Tauride Province. Part II. Statistical essay, issue of the eighth Yalta district, 1915 , in the village of Nikita in the Derekoy volost of the Yalta district, there were 125 yards with a Tatar population of 388 registered residents and 728 “outsiders” ^[44] .

After the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, according to the decree of the Krymrevkom of January 8, 1921 ^[45] , the volost system was abolished, and the village was subordinated to the Yalta district of the Yalta district ^[46] . In 1922, counties were called counties ^[47] . According to the List of settlements of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic according to the All-Union Census on December 17, 1926 , in the village of Nikita, the center of the Nikitsky village council of the Yalta region, there were 146 households, of which 145 were peasant, the population was 717, including 569 Crimean Tatars, 106 Russians, 35 Ukrainians, 3 Greeks, 2 Germans, 1 Belarusian 1 is recorded in the column "other", there were Russian and Tatar schools of the first level. The Nikitsky Botanical Garden is registered as a separate settlement, with 82 courtyards, 288 residents (264 Russians, 12 Ukrainians, 5 Tatars, 2 Jews, 1 Belarusian, a German and a Greek, 25 in the “other” column) and a technical school ^[48] . According to the All-Union Population Census of 1939, 583 people lived in the village ^[49] .

In 1944, after the liberation of Crimea from the Nazis, according to GKO Decree No. 5859 of May 11, 1944, on May 18, Crimean Tatars from Nikita were deported to Central Asia ^[50] . On August 12, 1944, Resolution No. GOKO-6372c “On the Relocation of Collective Farmers to the Regions of Crimea” was adopted, according to which 3000 families of collective farmers moved to the region from the Rostov Region of the RSFSR ^[51] . The time for the abolition of the village council has not been established - this is probably a consequence of the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR "On the enlargement of rural areas of the Crimean region", dated December 30, 1962 ^[52] , since the next decree - "On amendments to the administrative zoning of the Ukrainian SSR - in the Crimean region ”, Dated January 1, 1965, such an administrative unit is not mentioned ^[53] . In 1971, there was a renaming to the Botanical, with the status of the village ^[54] . According to the 1989 census , 2279 people lived in the village ^[49] . By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR of February 22, 1991, the old name was returned to the village ^[55] .

• Nikolai Vladimirovich Vasiliev is a Russian scientist. Full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR.
• Rubtsov Nikolai Ivanovich - geobotanist, honored worker of science of the Ukrainian SSR.
• Golubev Vitaly Nikolaevich - a botanist, Honored Worker of Science of the Ukrainian SSR, Honorary Citizen of Yalta.

• Massandra soviet // Cities and villages of Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The city of Sevastopol. Historical and local history essays. - Glory of Sevastopol, 2009.
• Administrative-territorial transformations in the Crimea. 1783-1998 Handbook / Ed. G. N. Grzhibovskoy . - Simferopol: Tavria-Plus, 1999 .-- 464 p. - ISBN 966-7503-22-4 .
• Galenko, O.I. Нікіта / Сікіта of the Ottoman hour. Pages 79-91 // The historical heritage of Crimea, No. 8. - Simferopol: New Era, 2004.

• Nikita on the website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
• Map sheet L-36-129 Yalta . Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the terrain for 1986. 1988 edition
• Map of the territory of the Yalta City Council. Detailed map of Crimea (unopened) (inaccessible link) . crimea-map.com.ua. Date of treatment October 19, 2014. Archived on August 20, 2013.

• Nikitsky Botanical Garden