Ivan the Fool ( Ivan the Fool ) is one of the most popular heroes of Russian , as well as Belarusian and Ukrainian [1] [2] fairy tales .
| Ivan the Fool | |
|---|---|
 | |
| fairytale character | |
| Floor | |
| Brother | two older brothers |
| Related characters | The Little Humpbacked Horse , Sivka-Burka |
| Origin | peasant son |
| Mentions | Russian tales |
One of the classic examples of “ironic lucky ones ” in the Russian fairy tale, the third youngest son of the tsar , whom no one pays attention to. He listens to advice and studies, unlike the arrogant older brothers, and as a result receives wealth and a princess as a wife [3] . It embodies a special fairy-tale strategy, proceeding not from the standard postulates of practical reason, but based on the search for one’s own solutions, often contrary to common sense , but ultimately bringing success. Has some features of a trickster . A. M. Panchenko pointed out the proximity of the fabulous fool to the holy fools [4] .
Description
According to some versions, the name with the epithet “fool” is a name- charm that prevents the evil eye . According to another version, a “fool” is the property status of Ivan the Fool. Since he is the third son, he is not entitled to a share in the inheritance (remains a fool) . Another version that the last son in the family was called a fool. That is, a person is not stupid, but who does not get a large share of the inheritance .
As a rule, his social status is low - a peasant son or the son of an old man with an old woman. In the family he was often the third son. Not married.
With the help of magical means, and especially thanks to his “mind”, Ivan the Fool successfully passes all tests and reaches the highest values: he defeats the enemy, marries the Tsar’s daughter, receives both wealth and fame ... Perhaps Ivan the Fool achieves all this thanks to that he embodies the first (according to Georges Dumézil ) magico-legal function, connected not so much with the deed as with the word, with priestly duties.
Ivan the Fool is the only one of the brothers who speaks in a fairy tale. Ivan the Fool guesses and guesses riddles, that is, he does what the priest does in many traditions during a ritual dedicated to the main annual holiday.
Ivan the Fool - poet and musician ; the fairy tales emphasize his singing, his ability to play on a wonderful pipe or samogud gusli , forcing a herd to dance. Ivan the Fool is the bearer of a special speech in which, in addition to riddles , jokes, jokes, fragments are noted where either the phonetic or semantic principles of ordinary speech are violated, or even something that resembles a zaum ; Compare “nonsense”, “absurdities”, language paradoxes, based, in particular, on the game of homonymy and synonymy, polysemy and multi-reference words, etc. (thus, killing a snake with a spear, Ivan the Fool describes it as a meeting with evil, which he is evil and struck, “evil has died of evil”). Ivan the Fool is connected in the plot with a certain critical situation that ends with a holiday (victory over the enemy and marriage), in which he is the main participant.
Similar tales have other European nations. For example, the German fairy tale "Hans the Fool" ( German: Hans Dumm ) [5] , the Italian fairy tale "Pietro the Fool" ( Italian: Pietro pazzo ) [6] , the Hispanic Filipino fairy tale "Juan the Fool" ( Spanish Juan Estupido ) [7 ] . Analogs of Ivan the Fool among the Slavic peoples are Silly Yaso ( Polish Głupi Jasio ) among the Poles and Gonza the Fool ( Czech Hloupý Honza ) among the Czechs.
Fairytale examples
- Ivan the Fool
- Horse, tablecloth and horn
- Sivka Burka
- The Little Humpbacked Horse
- Ivan the peasant son and miracle yudo
In contemporary art
- " Ivan the Fool " - children's opera by composer Caesar Cui , 1913
- How Ivan the Fool went about a miracle (film)
- Ivan the Fool (film)
- The Little Humpbacked Horse
- Vasilisa the Beautiful
- About Ivan the Fool (cartoon)
- "Plantain" - Song of the group 25/17 from the album "Russian Plantain"
See also
- Fool
- Ivan Tsarevich
- Emelya
Notes
- ↑ Ivanushka the Fool Archival copy of October 14, 2013 on the Wayback Machine (unavailable link from 06/14/2016 [1162 days]) . Humanitarian Dictionary. - 2002
- ↑ Tale of Ivan the Fool. Ukrainian folk tale
- ↑ Budur, 2005 , p. 173.
- ↑ Panchenko A. M. Fools in Russia // Russian History and Culture: Works of different years. - St. Petersburg: Yuna, 1999.
- ↑ Brüder Grimm. Kinder- und Hausmärchen. Nr. 54
- ↑ Sébillot, Paul. Contes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 1880. P.140-145.
- ↑ Juan the Fool / Per. R. L. Rybkina // Tales and myths of the peoples of the Philippines. - M .: Nauka, GRVL, 1975 .-- S. 373-381.
Literature
- Ivan the Fool // Linguistic and Regional Dictionary
- Ivan the Fool // Berkov V.P., Mokienko V.M. et al. The Big Dictionary of Winged Words of the Russian Language.
- Budur N.V. Ivan the Fool // Fairytale Encyclopedia / total. ed. N.V. Budur. - M .: Olma-Press, 2005 .-- S. 281 . - ISBN 5-224-04818-4 .
- Novikov N.V. Images of the East Slavic fairy tale. - L. , 1974.
- Ivan the Fool in Russian Tales // Sinyavsky A.D. Ivan the Fool: Essay on the Russian Popular Faith. - M .: Agraf, 2001, p. 37-48
- Ivan the Fool, Ivanushka the Fool // Mythological Dictionary / Ch. ed. E. M. Meletinsky . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1991. - ISBN 5-85270-068-1 .
- Propp V. Ya. The historical roots of a fairy tale. Scientific editors, textual commentary by I.V. Peshkov . - M .: Labyrinth, 2000 .-- 336 p. - ISBN 5-87604-008-8 .
- Shevtsov A. A. (A. R. Andreev, Sanych, Skomorokh) School of Applied Cultural-Historical Psychology “MARRYING A Fool” Theory and preliminary training