Council Square (Ulan-Ude)

In 1741, construction began on the Odigitrievsky Cathedral - the first stone building in Verkhneudinsk. From the cathedral to the north to Nagornaya Square, Bolshaya Street is laid - the central street of the city. Irkutsk and Chita tracts began on the square. The street that goes along the Irkutsk highway was called Irkutsk (modern Ranjurov street). The street that goes along the Chita tract was called Chita (the modern Yerbanova street).

At the end of the XIX century, the western part of the square was built up with wooden residential buildings. A number of houses ended with the three-story stone house of the merchant S. I. Rosenstein, built at the beginning of the XX century. The house of Samuel Iosifovich Rosenstein was the first civilian three-story building in the city and the first Art Nouveau building . In 1905, at the Rosenstein house, he worked for a short time, transferred from Vladivostok, the Oriental Institute . Since 1909, the building has housed the Verkhneudinsky public meeting and a theater with 252 seats. About forty performances were given per year. In November 1923, the Burpedtekhnikum began working in the building. Now here is the faculty of foreign languages ​​of Buryat State University .

June 20 - 21, 1891 through the city of Verkhneudinsk, Tsarevich Nikolai Aleksandrovich passes. On this occasion, at the beginning of Bolshaya Street, on the exit from Nagornaya Square, a wooden arch was built according to the design of Nikolai Augustovich Pauv. On the pediment was written to His Imperial Highness Sovereign Heir Tsesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich , and on the other hand - the date of the visit was 20-21 June 1891, the city of Verkhneudinsk . The arch was demolished in 1936. In 2006, the building was restored according to old drawings, but already in stone, almost in the same place.

In the center of the square, it was planned to build a church in the name of St. John the Baptist for 700 people. In September 1906, Petr Avvakumovich Frolov, an upper citizen of Verkhneudinsk, an honorary citizen of Verkhneudinsk, left 100 thousand rubles under the will for the construction of the cathedral ^[1] . In December 1907, “A committee was organized in Verkhneudinsk for the construction of a church in honor of St. Joachinth. On September 12, 1908, a decision was made by the Verkhneudinsk City Duma to assign a plot of 25 x 30 fathoms on the Nagornaya Square for the construction of a five-domed, one-throne church in the name of St. John the Baptist, designed for 700 worshipers ^[2] .

On February 8, 1921, the Verkhneudinsky Gornarrevkom Nagornaya Square was renamed University Square and gave the entire plot to the Pribaikalsky People’s University “to set up a garden and a vegetable garden, provided that it conducts an exemplary economy based on science” ^[3] .

In the early 1920s, the square was a wasteland and a stadium of trade unions. Later a large square was destroyed - the city garden. On October 14, 1923, by a resolution of the Revolutionary Committee of the BM ASSR, the city ​​garden was renamed the “Komsomolets Garden” ^[4] .

In 1923, the Burprofsovet opened a monument to the “Fighters for Freedom” on the square ^[5] . 5347 rubles were raised for the construction of the monument. 79 kopecks As a result, 6402 rubles were spent. 70 kopecks The Verkhneudinsky glass-making plant cast 8 caps for the monument, the vocational school molded the coat of arms, the Selenga Shipping Company provided 16 arshins of chains. Engineering distance donated 87 steps. On the monument inscriptions were made in Russian and Buryat languages ^[6] . In 1926 - 1928, in place of the old monument, a granite monument was built on the square "To the fighters who fell for communism in 1918-1920" according to the project of architect A. S. Kotov.

On October 29, 1927, the CEC and the SNK of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic announced a competition of projects for the construction of the “House of Soviets” ^[7] . The competition ended on March 21, 1928. 27 projects were submitted for consideration. The first prize of 4 thousand rubles was awarded to the Ace project of the Leningrad architect A. A. Olya . The second prize was awarded to the Black Semicircle project of Leningrad architects E. A. Trotsky, S. N. Kozak and E. A. Levinson . The third prize was awarded to the project “Yellow Square” by architect A. D. Kryachkov ^[8] .

After the construction of the House of Soviets was completed in 1931, Nagornaya Square became known as the Council Square.

In Soviet times, the foothill plain was built up. According to the master plans for the development of the city in 1947-1950 (the Lengipropor Institute, architect S. L. Permut) and 1964 (architect L. N. Puterman ), a new center was created with Soviet Square and Revolution Square connected by Lenin Street.

In Soviet times, the following were built on the square:

• 1928-1931 - House of Soviets, architect A. A. Ol ;
• 1945-1952 - Opera and Ballet Theater , architect A. N. Fedorov;
• 1952-1955 - House of Political Education, architect L.K. Minert ;
• 1955-1959 - The building of the Buryat Broadcasting Committee;
• 1955-1959 - The building of Transbaikalles, architect L. K. Minert;
• 1956-1960 - building of the Geological Department;
• 1963-1966 - Progress cinema, architects A. R. Vampilov and M. N. Menshikov;
• 1965-1968 - The building of the Council of Ministers of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, architects A. R. Vampilov and A. Ya. Galyautdinov.

The 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin was reconstructed. The monument "To the fighters who fell for communism in 1918-1920" was transferred to the Revolution Square . The square was demolished, the area was paved. In 1970-1971, a monument to V.I. Lenin was erected on the vacant spot in the eastern part of the square. Sculptors G.V. Neroda , Yu. G. Neroda, architects A.N. Dushkin , P.G. Zilberman. The weight of the monument is 42 tons, height 13.5 meters.

In 2006, the Tsar’s Gate arch was restored.

• The building of the regional committee of the CPSU, st. Lenin 54 (64) - 1938-1941. Architect V. Sidorov.
• House of Soviets. - 1928-1931 year. architect A.A. Ol.

• Monument to V.I. Lenin . 1971 year. Sculptors G.V. Neroda, Yu. G. Neroda, architects A.N. Dushkin, P.G. Zilberman.

•  

  The building of the Buryat Radio Broadcasting Committee (Radio House)

•  

  FSB building in Buryatia

•  

  The building of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia

•  

  New Year's preparations in the square

• Revolution Square (Ulan-Ude)
• Architecture of Ulan-Ude
• Sovetsky district (Ulan-Ude)

• When writing an article, TSB materials were used.
• Guryanov V.K., Bolshaya, Bolshaya-Nikolaevskaya // Scientific and Practical Center for the Protection of Monuments of the Republic of Buryatia. - Ulan-Ude: Publishing House of the BSC SB RAS, 1998
• T. D. Skrynnikova “My capital is getting younger - Ulan-Ude is flourishing” // Buryat ethnicity in the context of sociocultural modernization (Soviet period). Irkutsk MION