Discount ( English discount ):
- The discount from the declared price list of the goods or services provided by the seller to the consumer . The discount can be offered with immediate payment in cash (cash discount) or with bulk purchase (trade discount). Trade discounts are provided in order to allow the seller to increase sales and, consequently, achieve economies of scale , or are used as a ploy to enlist the customer “loyalty”, or are provided at the request of a large and influential buyer.
- Purchasing transferable bills , treasury bills or bonds at a price below par . Bills and bonds are redeemed at some point in the future at their face value. A buyer who purchases a bill or a bond at the time of issue pays less than the face value or face value (at a discount) for them. The difference (discount) between the price at which he buys a bill or a bond and their face value is the percentage of a loan provided against a bill or a bond. If the owner of the bill or bond then wants to sell them before their expiration (to rediscount them, to re-count them), he will be able to receive for them an amount less than the face value, although more than what was paid for them. The difference between the original price paid by him and the amount received mainly depends on how much time is left before the expiration of this security. For example, if a bond with a nominal value of 1000 and a validity period of one year was purchased for 900, then the discount at the redemption value corresponds to the interest rate: on a loan.
- In game theory , the current value of a monetary unit of a future period, multiplied by the probability of a game being repeated for games with an unknown number of repetitions.
- The difference between the real market value of the collateral and its collateral value used to determine the amount of the loan issued by the bank.
Literature
- Dictionary of Economics. Per. from English under the editorship of P.A. Vatnik. SPb .: Economic School. 1998.
- Discount / L. N. Krasavina // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.