Batyrsha

He was born in the village of Karyshevo of the Siberian Road, now the Baltachevsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in a Mishar family ^[4] . The Great Soviet Encyclopedia states that Batyrsha Aliyev was a Bashkir mullah .

He studied at the madrasah of the villages of Taysuganovo of the Ufa district and Tashkichu of the Kazan district . In 1744-1745 he was a teacher in the village of Ilsha of the Gaininsky volost of the Osinsky road , in 1746-1749 he worked as a teacher and mullah in the village of Muslim, Iset province . Since 1749 he worked as a mullah in Karyshbash. He was distinguished by a deep knowledge of Sharia . Often involved by the authorities to solve inheritance cases in the volosts of the Osinsky road . In 1754 he was elected akhun (head of Muslims) of the Siberian Road , but did not take up this position. In 1754-1755 he visited Orenburg and a number of volosts of the Siberian and Osinsky roads.

In the spring of 1755 he addressed the Muslims of the region with an extensive appeal (“Tahriznam”), in which he exposed the colonial policy of tsarism in Bashkortostan, opposed the government’s restriction of Muslim ceremonies, the prohibition of free and duty-free salt extraction for local people, local government restrictions, excessive taxes and duties. Having outlined the difficult picture of the oppression of Muslims by the Russians, Batyrsha proceeds to military-political problems and urges Muslims to rally in the face of infidels and, taking up arms, rise to the holy war for faith and freedom ^[5] . The uprising was scheduled for July 3, 1755. The appeal was the program of the Bashkir uprising of 1755-1756 .

But during the uprising, Batyrsha was defeated by a Muslim detachment loyal to the government. Batyrsha himself was captured on August 8, 1756 in the village of Azyakovo, the Osinsky road (now the village of the Buraevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan ) by "faithful" tsars under the leadership of Suleiman Devayev and transferred to the tsarist authorities ^{[6] [7] [8] [9]} . Chained in a chain, under heavy guard, was taken to Moscow , then to St. Petersburg .

While in prison and awaiting the verdict, he composed the famous letter - “Tahrizname” addressed to the Empress Elizaveta Petrovna . Excerpt from the letter in translation:

“If we are under the oath vow of one padishah, and if this padish is firm and constant in his vow, then, according to the instructions of our Sharia and our holy book, we must sacrifice our heads and lives. If the padishah does not currently guarantee the obligations it takes to protect its subjects from oppression, if the duties are constantly changing and new ones are imposed, then Muslims are obliged to join and help their co-religionists and try to elevate the faith in the manner prescribed by the Sharia. ”

- A letter from Batyrsha to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Ufa 1993.-S. 94. ^[10]

In December 1758, Batyrsha was sentenced to lash, tearing out his nostrils and life sentence.

After much torture and interrogation, Batyrsha was sent to Shlisselburg fortress for life imprisonment. In the spring of 1757, Batyrsha asked for a "Christian law spiritual person." On March 24, there was a meeting with the keykeeper and priest of the Peter and Paul Cathedral I. Lepitsky and a conversation was held about the Christian faith. A. Turchaninov was present as a interpreter. Batyrsha asked for time to familiarize himself with Christian law through a priest, because before that he had no information about Christian law. Batyrsha once again tried to use this meeting with the Orthodox priest in order to insist on a meeting with the empress. He said that he wanted to convey "himself about intolerable insults, namely, about forced baptism from the Mohammedan faith in Christian law." At the end of the meeting, the mullah asked that the priest go to him, and when he is convinced that the Christian law is more correct than the Mohammedan, he will leave the Mohammedan faith and die in the Orthodox faith ^[11] .

He suffered five years in prison, but did not want to end his life in slavery. In July 1762, he grabbed the ax, forgotten in his cell by overseers, into his chained hands and rushed at the guards. In the battle Batyrsha killed two guards, mortally wounded two and died himself.

"No. 135. July 17, 21. 21. - Reporting of the commandant of the Shlisselsburg fortress, Lt. Col. I. Berednikov to the Senate about the death of Mullah Batyrsha. To the governing Senate from Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Berednik, report.

At Batyrshe’s well contained in the Shlyutelbursky fortress, the guard was given instructions to regiments of the St. Petersburg garrison, namely Nevsky Corporal Danil Nikitin, salads Maxim Hamutov, Gregoriy Epifanov, St. Petersburg Andrei Lazarev; whose well, having on its feet a scabbard with riveted iron, and on its hands it’s deliberate, I sow July 21st at midnight in the first hour, attacking them, firstly, on the corporal and the salad of the sleeping, of which the former on the clock the soldier Epifanov, who had fallen asleep with a candle, was asleep, of which he had already apologized, that he was truly asleep. One well, taking an ax brought to the barracks by the soldier Khomutov and (who, there’s no weapon whatsoever that could hurt himself, was forbidden to follow instructions on that guard in the prison barracks. Moreover, he was ordered to watch him tightly so that he didn’t make a leak under the guard, he didn’t even damage the guard * with such weapons), one by one with Corporal Nikitin, he chopped his head in two with an ax, and with a salad, at Khamutov’s left he chopped his head and his right temple was broken, at Lazar Eve in two places the belly is proportionate, at the head on the left side of the body grabbed; at Epifanov, who was on the watch, he cut his head in two places, of which Corporal Nikitin, the soldier Khomutov is dead, and Lazarev and Epifanov are a doctor. The same well Batyrsha himself died without any ulcers and beatings. For the sake of the Governing Senate, I submit in all humility: Batyrsha, the mentioned well, in what places to wake up, and with a salad, Epifan, for falling asleep, being on the watch, after recovering what - he will be commanded to do what I have to expect it and. at. decree.

Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Berednikov. July 24th day of 1762. Schlütelburch. "

- GAFE. Foundation - ex. State Apxiv. VII. Case 1756, L? 1781, part V, ll, 131-135. ^[12]

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• In the village of Starobaltachevo, Baltachevsky district of Bashkortostan, there is a museum of the ideological leader of the Bashkir uprising of 1755-1756. Batyrshi - Gabdulla Galiev. The museum has over 100 manuscripts by Batyrsha. Every year the museum welcomes 5-6 thousand visitors ^[13] .
• On October 4, 2002, a scientific and practical conference was held in Starobaltachevo on the heritage of Batyrsha ( tat. “Il ouly - Batyrsha, fat ouly Batyrsha, ul yashi яm yashәr mәңgegә” ).
• In 2010, Batyrshi Aliyev Street appeared in the capital of Bashkortostan Ufa.

• Tәkhriznamә (Tatars)
• The appeal of the Mishar Mullah Batyrsha Ali-ula to the Bashkirs, Mishars and other Muslim peoples of the Urals, outlining the causes of the disastrous, their situation, their offenses and oppression, and with a call for rebellion
• The report of Mishar Mullah Batyrsha Ali-ula to Empress Elizabeth about the reasons for the uprising in Bashkiria in 1755 and about his own role in preparing the unrest on the Osinsky, Siberian and Nogai roads.

• Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - 3rd ed. - T. 3. - M., 1970.
• New illustrated encyclopedia. - Prince 2: Ar-Bi. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2002. - 256 p.: Ill. ISBN 5-85270-192-0 (Book 2) ISBN 5-85270-218-8

• Batyrsha - Empress Elizaveta Petrovna
• 250 years of great feat
• Aliev Batyrsha
• “The Plain of Hopes of Batyrshakh Aliyev” on YouTube